ch 25 Flashcards by Omar A

Q

An acid is?

A

Substance that donates a proton (H+).

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Q

Acidity means?

A

High hydrogen ion concentration.

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Q

A base is?

A

Substance that accepts a proton (H+).

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Q

Basicity means?

A

Low hydrogen ion concentration.

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Q

Neutral pH value?

A

7.0 (equal H+ and OH-).

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Q

High pH indicates?

A

Alkaline, fewer hydrogen ions.

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Q

Low pH indicates?

A

Acidic, more hydrogen ions.

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Q

Normal body fluid pH?

A

7.35-7.45.

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Q

Cellular dysfunction occurs when?

A

pH <7.3 or >7.5.

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Q

PaCO2 reflects?

A

Respiratory (acidic) function.

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Q

HCO3 reflects?

A

Metabolic (basic) function.

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Q

Three pH regulators?

A

Buffers, respiratory, renal systems.

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Q

First line of defense for pH?

A

Buffers.

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Q

Buffer system components?

A

Weak acids and bases.

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Q

Types of buffers?

A

Bicarbonate, phosphate, protein, hemoglobin.

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Q

Primary buffer system?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system.

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Q

Bicarbonate buffer components?

A

HCO3- and H2CO3.

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Q

Function of bicarbonate buffer?

A

Neutralizes excess acid or base.

Q

Lungs control?

A

CO2 (acid component).

Q

Kidneys control?

A

HCO3- (base component).

Q

Respiratory system role?

A

Second defense, excretes CO2.

Q

High carbonic acid response?

A

Increase respiration rate.

Q

Low carbonic acid response?

A

Decrease respiration rate.

Q

Respiratory compensation time?

A

Minutes to hours.

Renal system role?

Third defense, excretes metabolic acids.

Kidneys excrete?

All acids except carbonic acid.

High carbonic acid renal response?

Excrete more metabolic acids.

Low carbonic acid renal response?

Excrete less metabolic acids.

Renal compensation time?

Several days.

Four primary acid-base disorders?

Metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis.

Metabolic acidosis causes?

Ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea.

Metabolic acidosis signs?

Headache, confusion, coma.

Metabolic acidosis compensation?

Hyperventilation (lowers CO2).

Metabolic acidosis diagnosis?

Low HCO3-, low pH, low PaCO2 (if compensated).

Respiratory acidosis causes?

Respiratory depression, airway obstruction, lung disease.

Respiratory acidosis signs?

Headache, blurred vision, tremors, lethargy.

Respiratory acidosis compensation?

Kidneys excrete acid, retain HCO3-.

Respiratory acidosis labs?

High CO2, normal/high HCO3-, low pH.

Metabolic alkalosis causes?

Vomiting, diuretics, antacids.

Metabolic alkalosis signs?

Weakness, cramps, tetany, seizures.

Metabolic alkalosis compensation?

Hypoventilation (raises CO2).

Respiratory alkalosis causes?

Hyperventilation, anxiety, pain, fever.

Respiratory alkalosis signs?

Numbness, tingling, confusion.

Respiratory alkalosis compensation?

Kidneys excrete HCO3-.