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Biol 205 > Ch. 18 > Flashcards

Ch. 18 Flashcards

1
Q

sensation is sensory info arriving at

A

CNS

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2
Q

two types of senses

A

general and special

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3
Q

general senses includes

A

temp, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception

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4
Q

general senses are found

A

throughout the body

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5
Q

general senses generally utilize tracts that are

A

ascending

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6
Q

special senses include

A

olfaction, gustation, balance, hearing, vision

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7
Q

specializer senses use tracts of

A

not ascending

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8
Q

special senses located

A

specific parts of body

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9
Q

for perception you need to be

A

conscious

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10
Q

to be able to detect stimulus you need

A

sensory receptor that are specialized for that area

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11
Q

free nerve endings are basically

A

dendrites

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12
Q

area monitered by recepter is the

A

receptive fields

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13
Q

sensitive receptive areas the fields are

A

small

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14
Q

tonic receptors are always

A

active

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15
Q

phasic receptors only become activated when

A

change occurs in conditions being monitered

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16
Q

strong stimulus look at

A

frequency of action potentials

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17
Q

ex. of tonic receptors

A

pain

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18
Q

adaption is a reduction in

A

sensitivitiy in the presence of a constant stimulus

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19
Q

peripheral adaptions is when

A

receptors or sensory neurons alter levels of activity

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20
Q

central adaption is when neurons remain active but

A

nuclei along the sensory pathway are inhibited

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21
Q

we can overcome the adaption of

A

central

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22
Q

classify receptors by

A

exteroceptors
interoceptors
proprioceptors

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23
Q

receptor classification according to stimulus type

A

chemicals, photons, sound waves, pain, temp, physical distortion

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24
Q

nociceptors are aka

A

pain receptors

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25
Q

nociceptors classified

A

free nerve endings with large receptive fields

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26
Q

nocicpeotrs respond to

A

extreme temp
physical damange
chemicalsw

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27
Q

nociceptors are common in

A

superficial skin, joint capsules, vessel walls

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28
Q

nociceptors are uncommon in

A

deeper tissues and viscera

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29
Q

referred pain is

A

visceral pain felt in areas far removed from site of damage bc primary sensory neurons converge on single tract

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30
Q

thermoreceptors structured as

A

free nerve endings

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31
Q

thermoreceptors are found in

A

dermis, skeletal muscles, liver, and hypothalamus

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32
Q

cold receptors are _x

A

3x more numerus than warm receptors

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33
Q

thermoreceptors utilize

A

lateral spinothalamic tracts

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34
Q

mechanoreceptors respond to

A

physical forces

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35
Q

3 calles of mechanoreceptors

A

tactile receptors
baroreceptors
proprioceptors

36
Q

tactile receptors provide sensations of

A

fine/crude touch, pressure, and vibe

37
Q

baroreceptors respond to

A

stretch and pressure in the hollow organs

38
Q

proprioceptors monitor

A

position of joints and muscles

39
Q

tactile receptors invole

A

sense of touch

40
Q

3 types of tactile receptors

A

free nerve endings
root hair plexus
tactile merkels disc

41
Q

freeve nerve endings for tactile receptors are in the

A

dermis

42
Q

root hair plexus moniters

A

displacement of hairs

43
Q

tactile discs are expanded

A

nerve terminals

44
Q

tactile disc commumicates with

A

merkel cell in epidermis

45
Q

tactile disc sense

A

fine touch and pressure

46
Q

tactile disc description

A

tonically active with narrow receptive field

47
Q

3 types of encapsulated tactile receptors

A

tactile meissner’s corpuscles
bulbous ruffini corpuscles
lamellar pacinian corpuscles

48
Q

tactile meissner’s corpuscles detect

A

light, movement, and vibration

49
Q

bulbous ruffini corpuscles detect

A

pressure and distortion of skin

50
Q

lamellar pacinian corpuscles detect

A

deep pressure, pulsation, vibration

51
Q

prop;rioceptors monitor

A

position of joints, tension in tendons/ligaments, and state of muscualr contraction

52
Q

two types of proprioceptors

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

53
Q

chemoreceptors detect

A

small changes in the concentration of specific chemicals/compounds

54
Q

chemoreceptors respond to

A

substance dissolved in surrounding fluid

55
Q

chemorecepotors in the

A

carotid and aoritc bodies detect changes ph,co2, o2

56
Q

olfaction involes

A

detection of airborne chemicals dissolved in fluids that coat nasal membranes

57
Q

olfactory epithelium contains

A

olfactory sensory neurons
supporting cells
basal epithelial cells

58
Q

lamina properia contains

A

olf bowman’s glands
blood vessels
nerve
loose ct

59
Q

olfactory sensory neurons possess up to

A

20 cilia

60
Q

lamina propria does the

A

actively secrete mucus

61
Q

olfactor recepotrs are VERY

A

specific

62
Q

humans have the amount of smell genes

A

400

63
Q

each olfaction receptor can bind to

A

1+ odorants

64
Q

humans can distinguish

A

10,000 diff odors

65
Q

gustation detects

A

tastants dissolved in saliva

66
Q

taste buds found throughout

A

oral cavity on lingual papille

67
Q

gustatory cells are actually

A

epithelial cells

68
Q

taste buds contain

A

gustatory epithelial cells
basal epithelial cells

69
Q

gustatory epithelial cells have multiple

A

types within each taste bud

70
Q

gustatory epithelial cells project

A

microvilli into taste pore

71
Q

perception of taste involves

A

sensory data regarding the texture and temp of food from CNV

72
Q

taste bud CN order

A

CNVII facial nerve
CNIX glossopharyngeal
CNX vagus

73
Q

80% of taste is

A

smell

74
Q

gustatory discriminates

A

sweet
sour
salty
bitter
umami
water

75
Q

sweet gustation is by

A

sugars, alcohols, AA and lead salts

76
Q

Sour gustation is by

A

acids

77
Q

salty gustation is by

A

metal ions

78
Q

bitter gustation is by

A

alkaloiods, quinine, nicotine, caffeine, and morphine

79
Q

unami gustation by

A

glutatmate and aspartate
savory

80
Q

water gustation by

A

no flavor but present in pharynx

81
Q

on tongue there are how many more receptors for acids than sweets

A

1,000x

82
Q

10x more receptives for

A

bitter than for acids

83
Q

taste is not regionalized on the

A

tongue

84
Q

gustatory receptors also fiound on the

A

BODY

85
Q

cells that line trachea can detect toxins with

A

bitter receptors

Biol 205 (45 decks)

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