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Biol 205 > Ch. 14 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Flashcards

1
Q

average individual spinal cord length

A

45 cm long and 0.5 max width

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2
Q

spinal cord goes down to

A

L1 L2

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3
Q

spinal cord stops growing after age

A

4

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4
Q

very end of the spinal cord is called

A

conus medullaris

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5
Q

root to stabilize conus medullaris

A

filum terminale

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6
Q

inferior nerve roots on spinal cord

A

cauda equina

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7
Q

spinal nerve amount

A

31 pairs

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8
Q

posterior surface of spinal cord groove

A

posterior median sulcus

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9
Q

anterior surface of spinal cord deep

A

anterior median fissure

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10
Q

center of spinal cord hole

A

central canal contains cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

spinal cord gray mater forms

A

butterfly

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12
Q

gray matter is where you see

A

clusters of cell bodies and interneurons

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13
Q

horn that is in the top left corner

A

posterior dorsal gray horn

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14
Q

below the posterior dorsal gray horn is the

A

lateral intermediate gray horn

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15
Q

what type of neurons does posterior dorsal gray horn have

A

sensory nuclei

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16
Q

lateral gray horn does

A

motor nuclei that are autonomic, cardiac smooth muscle

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17
Q

front of horn gray matter

A

anterior ventral gray horn

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18
Q

anterior ventral gray horn nuclei

A

skeletal muscle signal

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19
Q

the most superficial of the meninges is the

A

dura mater

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20
Q

dura mater means

A

hard durable mother

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21
Q

dura mater is

A

tough tissue fibrous ct

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22
Q

space above or on top of dura mater

A

epidural space

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23
Q

middle layer of spinal meninges

A

arachnoid mater

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24
Q

minimal space between spinal meninges

A

arachnoid mater and dura mater

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25
Q

when you die arachnoid mater and dura mater

A

seperate and make subdural apace

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26
Q

space after arachnoid mater is

A

subarachnoid space

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27
Q

subarachnoid space is where

A

cerebrospinal fluid flows

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28
Q

subarachnoid space is filled with

A

elastic fibers and collagen

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29
Q

deepest layer of spinal meninges

A

pia mater

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30
Q

pia mater attachment

A

very tight with neural tissue

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31
Q

pia mater includes

A

blood vessels to help nutriate

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32
Q

BOTH spinal and epidural anesthesia involve injecting anesthesia near

A

spinal cord, patient is awake, avoid risks of general

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33
Q

most spinal and epidural differences have to do with

A

location of needle

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34
Q

spinal anesthesia, needle penetrates through to

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, into the subarachnoid space

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35
Q

with epidural anesthesia it only penetrates

A

through skin, muscle, and ligaments in epidural space

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36
Q

spinal anesthetic can only be injected

A

inferior to L2, spinal cord stops there

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37
Q

pain relief anesthesia quickly with

A

spinal, it is closer to nueral tissue

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38
Q

epidural pain relief time

A

10-15 minutes

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39
Q

no muscular block with

A

epidural

40
Q

epidural anesthesia leaves you with an

A

catheter to add more

41
Q

the spinal nerves come off in

A

dorsal root and ventral root

42
Q

multiple rots are

A

rootlets

43
Q

key diff between dorsal and ventral root

A

dorsal root is swollen called dorsal root ganglion

44
Q

dorsal and spinal def

A

dorsal: sensory
ventral: motor

45
Q

spinal nerve passes through

A

intervertebral formana

46
Q

spinal nerve splits into

A

dorsal ramus, ventral ramus

47
Q

dorsal ramus

A

supply neck and back

48
Q

ventral ramus

A

supply ventral body and limbs

49
Q

dorsal and ventral rami are nerves that

A

mixed

50
Q

rami communicantes connects spinal nerve to

A

sympathetic ganglia

51
Q

white ramus communicans

A

myelinated prepanglionic fibers

52
Q

gray ramus communicans

A

unmyelinated postganglionic fibers

53
Q

what part of body is supplied by what nerve is called

A

dermatome

54
Q

complex nerve networks

A

nerve plexuses

55
Q

plexuses form due to

A

skeletal small muscles fusing into larger muscles

56
Q

make ability to send signals with multiple routes

A

nerve plexuses

57
Q

cervical plexus arises

A

c1-c5

58
Q

cervical plexus innervates muscles

A

skin of neck, shoulder, and diaphragm

59
Q

nerve that innervates diaphragm is

A

phrenic nerve

60
Q

phrenic nerve formed by

A

c345

61
Q

cervical plexus supplies

A

CN XI= accessory
CNXII hypoglossal

62
Q

brachial plexus innervates

A

upper limbs, shoulder, thorax

63
Q

brachial plexus ranges

A

c5-T1

64
Q

brachial plexus nerves

A

axillary
musculocutaneous
radial
median
ulanr

65
Q

how many spinal nerves give rise to the plexus

A

5!!!

66
Q

lumbar plexus begins and ends

A

t12-l4

67
Q

lumbar plexus innervates

A

abdomen, genitals, thigh, and lower leg

68
Q

nerves of lumbar plexus

A

femoral and obturator nerves

69
Q

lumbar plexus femoral nerve supplies

A

interior thigh muscle, foot

70
Q

obturator nerve lumbar plexus supply

A

adductor muscles of thigh

71
Q

sacral plexus arises

A

L4-S4

72
Q

sacral plexus innervates

A

genitals, gluteal, thigh, and lower leg

73
Q

sacral plexus nerves

A

sciatic and pudendal nerves

74
Q

sciatic nerve fun fact

A

largest single nerve in body

75
Q

a reflux is an

A

immediate involuntary motor response to specific stimulus

76
Q

reflex arc is

A

complete neural pathway

77
Q

step 1 for reflex

A

have to stimulate receptor

78
Q

step 2 reflex

A

stimulated receptor conveys signal across sensory neuron to spinal cord in brain

79
Q

step 3 reflex

A

CNS processing stimulus if it is worth responding too

80
Q

step 4 reflex

A

activate motor neuron (efferent), away from spinal cord

81
Q

step 5 reflex

A

response by effector

82
Q

classify development reflexes

A

reflexes learned or
genetically determined

83
Q

development reflex example

A

saliva with food (innate reflex)
acquired (increase saliva)

84
Q

response reflexes

A

somatic: skeletal responds
visceral: smooth and cardiac responds

85
Q

processing site reflexes

A

spinal reflex: in spinal cord
cranial reflex: in the brain

86
Q

complexity circuit reflexes

A

monosynaptic: 1 synapse
polysnaptic: multiple (2-100)

87
Q

synapse is electrical to

A

chemical then back to electircal in postsynaptic neuron

88
Q

more synapses the more

A

you have to convert, longer it takes

89
Q

monosynaptics responses take

A

shorter time but have to be simple

90
Q

most relfexes in body are

A

polysynaptic reflex

91
Q

patellar reflex is

A

monosynaptic/ stretch reflex

92
Q

when patella hit

A

pulls patella, quads, which stretches anterior portion of thigh is stretch

93
Q

what detects stretch

A

muscle spindles

94
Q

crossed extensor reflex is what type

A

complicated polysnaptic

95
Q

pain receptors are

A

noiciceptor

96
Q

crossed extensor reflex pathways are

A

divergence followed by serial processing
aka parallel processing

Biol 205 (45 decks)

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