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Biol 205 > Ch. 13 > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Flashcards

1
Q

major divison os nervous systgem

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

CNS includes

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

both brain and spinal cord are capable of

A

can receive, integrate, and generate response to sensory info

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4
Q

PNS is able to convey

A

sensory info to the CNS for the tasks and also carry away to effect

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5
Q

two next categories in the PNS

A

Sensory afferent division
motor efferent division

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6
Q

sensory divison info is going

A

toward CNS

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7
Q

motor division conveys info

A

away from CNS

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8
Q

motor divison subdivisions

A

somatic nervous systgem and autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

SNS involves

A

cells conveying skeletal muscles

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10
Q

SNS voluntary or non

A

voluntary

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11
Q

ans cells convey info

A

from CNS to other effectors

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12
Q

ANS muscles

A

cardiac, smooth, and glands

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13
Q

ANS subdivisons

A

sympathetic divison and parasympathetic

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14
Q

sympathetic division causes

A

heart rate increase, slow down motility in digestion

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15
Q

parasympathetic cause

A

heart rate decrease, motility increase

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16
Q

neuroglia is

A

cells in nervous tissue

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17
Q

how many times of cells do we have of neuroglia than neuron cells

A

5x more

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18
Q

types of neuroglia (glial cells) for CNS

A

ependymal cells, microglia, astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes

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19
Q

ependymal cells shapes

A

cuboidal or columnar

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20
Q

ependymal cells line

A

cavities in CNS, primarily ventral brain and central canal spinal cord

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21
Q

ependymal cells are specialized

A

for producing, monitering cerebrospinal fluid and circulate it

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22
Q

microglia size

A

smallest of the cells

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23
Q

microglia are important because

A

resident immune system within immune cells

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24
Q

microglia phagocytic

A

they can engulf microbes/debris, help inflammatory/disease

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25
Q

astrocytes are the most

A

numerous cells

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26
Q

astrocytes are important for

A

framework, guiding, support, regulate ISF, repair tissue, BBB

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27
Q

oligodendrocytes help

A

astrocytes with structural support

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28
Q

oligodendrocytes myelinate

A

axons which leads to grey and white matter

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29
Q

unmyelin/ myelin graymatter

A

unmyelinated

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30
Q

unmyelin/ myelin white matter

A

myelinated

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31
Q

myelin is a substance formed from

A

phospholipids of glial cells

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32
Q

myelin

A

electrically insulate parts of nuerons not covered

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33
Q

if axon is unmyelinated

A

transport is not fast

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34
Q

if axon is myelinated

A

transport is fast

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35
Q

PNS glial cells

A

schwann and satelite

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36
Q

satellite cells wrap themselves

A

around cell bodies in PNS

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37
Q

satellite cells help

A

regulate exchange of nutrients

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38
Q

schwann cells our found in

A

neuronal axons in PNS

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39
Q

Schwanna cells are like

A

oligodendrocytes

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40
Q

schwann cells help

A

myelinate axons

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41
Q

schwann cells myelinate

A

by putting all cytoplasm in one spot and stretches to wrap phospholipids around

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42
Q

schwann cells each myelinate

A

one section of axons

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43
Q

gaps between schwann cells are called

A

nodes of ranvier

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44
Q

second classifaction of nervous tissue

A

neurons

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45
Q

neurons help

A

transmit electrical signals

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46
Q

neurons do not go through

47
Q

neurons lifespan

A

100+ years

48
Q

neurons metabolic rate is

49
Q

neurons need constant

A

blood and glucose

50
Q

parts of a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, axon

51
Q

dendrites look like

A

branches lots of em

52
Q

dendrites can be stimulated by

A

environment, but typically by other cells/neurons chemical

53
Q

dendrites take signal and

A

send to cell body

54
Q

cell body does typical

A

cellular duties

55
Q

within cell body of neuron that

A

you synthesize special chemical signal called neurotransmitters

56
Q

neurons often cluster in CNS called

57
Q

neurons clustered in PNS

58
Q

cell body extension for neuron

59
Q

neurons only have one

60
Q

if axon splits it is called

A

axon collateral

61
Q

axon at the end

A

axon terminals

62
Q

axon terminals release

A

neurotransmitters

63
Q

when electrical impulse reaches axon terminal

A

it is sent out, attaches to something else

64
Q

axons bundled CNS

65
Q

axons bundled in PNS

66
Q

structure of a nerve

A

epineurium, perineurium, endonerium

67
Q

nerve covered on its surface

A

epineurium, connective tissue

68
Q

nerve is surrounded by nerve fassicle defined by

A

perineurium

69
Q

one fascicle we see a bundle of axons with myelinated CT called

A

endoneurium

70
Q

classification for neurons

A

anaxonic neuron, bipolar neuron, pseudounipolar neuron, multipolar neuron

71
Q

anaxonic neuron means

A

neuron without axon psych

72
Q

anaxonic neuron extensions

A

look the same, we cannpt tell

73
Q

bipolar neuron means

A

bi two Neurons

74
Q

bipolar neujron 2 extensions

A

one is towards and one is away

75
Q

bipolar neurons common

76
Q

bipolar neurons found

77
Q

pseudounipolar neuron means

A

fake 1 neuron

78
Q

pseudounipolar neurons

A

looks like single extension, but it is two extensions right next to each other

79
Q

pseudounipolar neuron common

80
Q

pseudounipolar neuron found

A

sensory neurons, and ganglia for PNS

81
Q

multipolar neuron means

A

many extensions

82
Q

most common type of neuron is

A

multipolar neuron

83
Q

multipolar neuron many extension

A

1 axon lots of dendrites

84
Q

99% of neurons are

A

multipolar

85
Q

if neuron conveying towards CNS

A

sensory or afferent fiber

86
Q

if neuron conveying away

A

motor/ efferent fiber

87
Q

somatic motor neurons

A

convey towards skeletal

88
Q

visceral motors neurons convey

A

to smooth, glands, cardiac

89
Q

interneuron means

A

inbetween sensory neurons

90
Q

interneuron found exclusively

A

within cNS, just within

91
Q

most single type of neuron we have

A

multipolar interneuron

92
Q

if neurons deprieved of minerals and 02 for minutes

A

permenately damge or die, paralysis

93
Q

peripheral neurons we see

A

limited capacity to recover after injury

94
Q

wallerian degeneration

A

injury, distal stump detached starts to degrade from macrophages, schwann cells form cellular cord that tries to follow orignal path

95
Q

wallerian degeneration

A

injury, distal stump detached starts to degrade from macrophages, schwann cells form cellular cord that tries to follow orignal path

96
Q

wallerian degeneration schwann cells

A

release growth factors to encourage regrowth

97
Q

wallerian degernation time

A

happen hours after injury but may take days

98
Q

if partial wallerian degeneration

A

then partial function/paralysis

99
Q

wallerian degeneration astrocytes

A

help regenerate nervous tissue

100
Q

how neurons communicate with other cellsr

101
Q

types of synapses

A

neuron to neuron, neuron to muscle, neuron to gland

102
Q

neuron to neuron

A

presynaptic neuron, post synaptic neuron

103
Q

neuron to muscle called

A

neuromuscular junction

104
Q

neuron to gland called

A

neuroglandular junction

105
Q

most synapses are

106
Q

neurons interconnected that communicate

A

neuornal pool

107
Q

the pattern in which neurons are arranged is

A

neural circuit

108
Q

divergence looks like

A

1 neuron to 2 and those send to 3 neurons

109
Q

convergence occurs when

A

multiple neurons singal to one

110
Q

serial proccessing looks

A

like circuit sequentially,

111
Q

parallel processing combines

A

divergence and serial processing

112
Q

parrallel processing starts

A

1 neuron to three then keep relaying to three

113
Q

reverberation looks like

A

sending to one while also receiving, positive feedback

Biol 205 (45 decks)

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