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Biol 205 > Ch. 16 > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Flashcards

1
Q

average weight of brain

A

3 pounds

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2
Q

how many liters of the brain

A

1.3 L

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3
Q

brain is like food

A

jello

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4
Q

how much of body mass is the brain

A

2%

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5
Q

how much cardiac output does the brain get

A

20%

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6
Q

brain amount of neural tissue

A

95%

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7
Q

20-21 days post conception we see brain embryology

A

ectoderm thickens to become neural plate

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8
Q

neural plate as 20-21 days with neural folds becoming

A

neural groove

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9
Q

neural folds eventually grow to midline and make follow tube called

A

neurocoel

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10
Q

very center of neuro tube is

A

neurocoel

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11
Q

after neural tube forms 3-4 week of gestation

A

anterior neural tube get swellings called primary brain vesicles

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12
Q

what is the very front of the brain vesicles

A

prosencephalon

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13
Q

behind the prosencephalon is the

A

mesencephalon

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14
Q

what is behind the mesencephalon

A

rhombencephalon

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15
Q

after the primary brain vesicles develop prosencephalon and rhombencephalon seperate to make

A

secondary brain vesicles

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16
Q

after the primary brain vesicles develop prosencephalon and rhombencephalon seperate to make

A

secondary brain vesicles

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17
Q

prosencephalon gives rise to

A

telencephalon

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18
Q

telencephalon ends up being the

A

largest portion of the cerebrum

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19
Q

diencephalon arises from the

A

prosencephalon

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20
Q

diencephalon includes

A

thalamus and hypothalums

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21
Q

mesencephalon gives rise to

A

midbrain

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22
Q

rhombencephalon seperates to

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

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23
Q

mentencephalon gives rise to

A

cerebellum and pons

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24
Q

myelencephalon gives rise to

A

spinal cord medulla oblongata

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25
Q

ventricles are important because they are filled with

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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26
Q

first two ventricles are the

A

lateral ventricles

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27
Q

lateral ventricles are enclosed within

A

cerebral hemispheres

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28
Q

third ventricles openings from

A

lateral

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29
Q

opening from lateral to third ventricle

A

interventricular foramina

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30
Q

canal within the mesencephalon

A

cerebral aquadecut

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31
Q

cerebral aquadduct connects third ventricle with

A

fourth ventricle

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32
Q

fouth ventricle connects to

A

central canal of spinal cord and to the subarachnoid space

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33
Q

what protects the brain first

A

bones

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34
Q

cranial meninges are continuous with the

A

spinal meninges

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35
Q

dura mater splits into

A

2 different sublayers

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36
Q

dura mater layer that is closer to skull

A

endosteal cranial dura

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37
Q

deep layer of dura mater is the

A

meningeal cranial dura

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38
Q

between two layers of the dura mater is the

A

dural sinuses

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39
Q

dural sinuses work like

A

veins

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40
Q

folds of dura mater that help support brain

A

falx cerebri and tentorium cereblli

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41
Q

falx cerebri connects to the

A

cristi galli of the ethmoid

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42
Q

tentorium cerebelli help

A

support cerebellum

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43
Q

pass through dura matter which leads to arachnoid mater has most

A

cerebral spinal fluid flowing

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44
Q

connection between subarachoid space and dural sinus

A

arachnoid granulations

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45
Q

arachnoid granulations allow

A

cerebral spinal fluid to pass into the dural passes mixing it with blood

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46
Q

after arachnoid mater is the pia mater lines

A

every grove and every fold

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47
Q

astrocytes in pia mater

A

anchor it to the brain, very vascular

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48
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid

A

lymph like

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49
Q

cerebrospinal fluid helps transport

A

nutrients, chemicals, and waste products

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50
Q

amount of cerebrospinal fluid

A

150 ml and replaces every 8 hrs

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51
Q

we make cerebrospinal fluid through

A

choroid plexuses

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52
Q

choroid plexuses are for

A

each ventricle of the brain

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53
Q

choroid plexus specialized capillary

A

very permeable
to take things out of blood
ependymal cells

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54
Q

where does cerebrospinal fluid go after produce

A

lateral to third to cerebral aquaduct to fourth ventricle then pass to spinal cord or majority go to medial or lateral apertures

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55
Q

eventual CSF will make it to the superior region to the

A

arachnoid granulations

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56
Q

blood brain barrier maintains

A

chemical environment

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57
Q

least permeable capillaries in body

A

blood brain barriers

58
Q

most inferior region of the brain is the

A

medulla oblongata

59
Q

any info in or out of spinal cord pass through

A

medulla oblongata

60
Q

cranial nerves for medulla oblongata

A

vii, ix, x, xi, xii

61
Q

specialized nuclei for autonomic control of visceral activities medulla oblongata

A

cardiovascular, respiratory, emetic center

62
Q

superior to the medulla oblongata is the

A

pons

63
Q

pons gives rise to CN

A

v, vi,vii, vii

64
Q

pons communicates with

A

respiratory medulla oblongata

65
Q

pons tracs are

A

ascending/descending

66
Q

upon the pons is the

A

mesencephalon

67
Q

upon the pons is the

A

mesencephalon

68
Q

mesencephalon CN

A

CNIII and IV

69
Q

mesencephalon main structure

A

corpora quadrigemina

70
Q

corpora quadrigemina pairs

A

superior and inferior colliculi

71
Q

superior colliculi reflex to

A

visual stimuli

72
Q

inferior colliculi reflex to

A

auditory input

73
Q

major nucli of the mesencephalon

A

reticular formation

74
Q

reticular formation help

A

involuntary control motor control, limb position, consciousness

75
Q

diencephalon includes

A

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalaymus

76
Q

what is the3 roof of the third ventricle

A

epithalamus

77
Q

pineal gland is in the

A

epithalamus

78
Q

80% of diencephalon

A

thalamus

79
Q

what is connected to the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

80
Q

right and left thalamus connected via

A

massa intermedia

81
Q

functions of thalamus

A

relay sensories,

82
Q

filter of the brain for relevant stimuli

A

thalamus

83
Q

thalamus also helps coordinate

A

motor activities

84
Q

what connects pituitary gland with hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

85
Q

hypothalamus functions

A

subconscious control of muscle contraction with emotions

adjust autonomic centers (cardiovascular)

coordinatees nervous and endocerine

86
Q

hypothalamus secretes

A

antidiuretic and oxytocin

87
Q

oxytocin female production

A

of milk, and help with delievery

88
Q

hypothalamus is the location of

A

emotions, thirst, internal thermostat

89
Q

cerebellum hemispheres connected by

A

two, vermis

90
Q

folds of brain

A

folia

91
Q

grooves of brain

A

sulci

92
Q

cerebellum white matter forms

A

arbor vitae

93
Q

cerebellum is the ending of

A

spinocerebellur tracts

94
Q

cerebellum function

A

receive info for where body parts will be

balance, tactile, visual, auditory

adjusts postural muscles

fine tunes coordinate voluntary, involun

95
Q

somatic motor control starts

A

decision in frontal lobe of cerebrum

96
Q

somatic motor control decision to move conveyed to

A

premotor cortex

97
Q

premotor cortex in somatic motor control then goes to the

A

cerebellum

98
Q

cerebellum calculates

A

what to do with your position with what muscles you want

99
Q

largest and most complicated region of the brain

A

cerebrum

100
Q

cerebrum has two hemispheres seperated by

A

longitudinal fissure

101
Q

outer layer of gray matter in brain is called

A

cerebral cortex

102
Q

cerebral cortex folds/grooves

A

gryi/ sulci

103
Q

prominent sulcus for cerebrum

A

central sulcus

104
Q

central sulcus seperates

A

precentral gryus and postcentral gryus

105
Q

major lobes of cerebrum

A

frontal, temporal, insula, parietal, occipital

106
Q

deep region of cerebrum

A

insula

107
Q

hemisphere of cerebrum recieves

A

sensory info and generates motor commands to opposite side of body

108
Q

cerebral cortex motor areas 3

A

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, speech center

109
Q

primary motor cortex control is

A

voluntary

110
Q

cerebral cortex that helps with fine control

A

primary motor cortex

111
Q

anteriro to primary motor cortex

A

premotor cortex

112
Q

what cortex helps control motor skills and controls muscles simultaneously

A

premotor cortex

113
Q

speech center specific for

A

motor speech area

114
Q

speech center only found on

A

left side

115
Q

cerebral cortex sensory areas 8

A

primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association area, visual cortex, visual association area, auditory cortex, auditory association area, olfactory cortex/association area, gustatory cortex/association area

116
Q

primary somatosensory cortex recieves

A

info from posterior columns and spinothalamic tracts

117
Q

somatonsensory association area that gives meaning to

A

stimuli from primary somatonsensory cortex

118
Q

posterior occipital lobe contains

A

visual cortex

119
Q

visual cortex detects

A

light location, intesity, and wavelength

120
Q

left visual field of each eye is interpreted by

A

left side of brain

121
Q

visual association area gives meaning to

A

visual cortex stimuli

122
Q

auditory cortex determines

A

pitch, sound, and intesity of sound

123
Q

each ear sends stimnulus information to both sides of the brain for

A

auditory cortex

124
Q

to give meaning to auditory cortex you need

A

auditory association area

125
Q

region in auditory association area

A

receptive speech area to help comprehend language

126
Q

receptive speech area is usually on

A

left side

127
Q

olfactory cortex/ association process

A

olfactory stimuli

128
Q

gustatory cortex processes

A

taste

129
Q

cerebral cortex part that doesn’t do sensation

A

prefrontal cortex

130
Q

frontal cortex is the major

A

integration center

131
Q

what integrates info from sensory association and performs abstract intellectual functions

A

prefrontal cortex

132
Q

if prefrontal cortex destroyed

A

personality changed, judgement, abstract reasoning, planning, cognition

133
Q

left hemisphere of brain helps with

A

language, reading, writing, speaking, mathematics, logical and analytical reasoning

134
Q

right hemisphere helps with

A

spatial perception, intuition, facial recognition, artistic/musical skills, emotion

135
Q

lateralization of hemispheres is true for %

A

90-95%

136
Q

two hemispheres are connected by the

A

corpus callosum

137
Q

fibers in the cerebral white matter

A

association, commissual, projection

138
Q

association fibers connect

A

regions of same hemisphere

139
Q

commissural fibers connect

A

cerebral hemispheres

140
Q

projection fibers connect

A

cerebrum top regions of brain and cord

141
Q

cerebrum basal nuclei controls

A

muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns

142
Q

limbic system establishes

A

emotional states and behavioral drives

Biol 205 (45 decks)

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