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BIO 224 > Ch 18 > Flashcards

Ch 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of amino acid based hormones?

A

Dopamine, NE, epinephrine, insulin

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2
Q

What are some examples of steriod hormones

A

Cortisol, testosterone, gonadal & adrenocortical hormones

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3
Q

GNRH
made?
function

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone
made by hypothalamus
Stimulates GH synthesis and release in the pituitary

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4
Q

Somatostatin
made?
function in pituitary

function in pancreatic

A

an inhibitory hormone made in the hypothalamus
inhibits GH release from the pituitary

Secreted in pancreatic delta cells
secreted with rise in BG and amino acids after a meal
paracrine secretion - inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

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5
Q

TRH
made?
function

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Produced in hypothalamus
stimulates the release of TSH & prolactin from the anterior pituitary

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6
Q 
CRH aka (CRF) 
made? 
function
A

Corticotrophin releasing hormone
Produced in hypothalamus
activates the release of ACTH from the pituitary

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7
Q

GnRH
made?
function

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus
Causes pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

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8
Q

PIH
made?
function

A

Prolactin inhibitory hormone
Hypothalamus
inhibits ant pituitary from secreting prolactin, inhibiting milk production

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9
Q

Tropic hormones?

A

target other endocrine glands

ex. gonadotropins target gonads

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10
Q

FSH

Function?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

stim production of egg or sperm cells

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11
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

Mainly stims hormone production

Females -> ovalution and corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and estrogen

Male -> stim interstitial cells and testes to secrete testosterone and estrogen

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12
Q

TSH

Function?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

stimulates growth of gland and secretion of TH

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13
Q

ACTH

Function?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

regulates response to stress, stims adrenal cortex
corticosteroids reg glucose, fat and protein metabolism

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14
Q

PRL

Function?

A

Prolactin

Female -> milk synthesis after delivery

Male -> increase LH sensitivity and increase testosterone secretion

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15
Q

GH

Secreted by?

Function?

A

Growth hormone

Secreted by somatotropes of ant pituitary

Promotes tissue growth: protein synthesis, lipid & carb metabolism, electrolyte balance

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16
Q

ADH (vasopressin)

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

Targets kidneys, increase water retention

*also functions as a neurotransmitter

17
Q

Oxytocin

Function?

A

Labor contractions. lactation

*possible role in sperm transport & emotional bonding

18
Q

T3 & T4

Triiodothyronine & Thyroxine

Functions?

A

Increase metabolic rate & O2 consumption
Calorigenic effect - heat production
increase heart rate and contraction strength
Increase respiratory rate
Stims appetite and carb breakdown

19
Q

Calcitonin

Produced from?

A

C Cells
decreased blood Ca2+
promotes Ca2+ deposition and bone formation

20
Q

PTH

Released by?
Function?

A

Parathyroid hormone

Released by cheif cells
Increase blood Ca2+ levels by stim osteoclasts
promotes synthesis of calcitrol (vit D3)
increase digestive absorption of Ca2+, increase bone resorption
Decrease urinary excretion

21
Q

Adrenal medulla inhibits secretion of?

stimulates?

Catecholamines?

A

Inhibits - Insulin

Stimulates - gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis
Stimulates release of catecholamines

Catecholamines - ephinephrine & NE

22
Q

Insulin

Secreted from?

Function?

A

Secreted from pancreatic Beta cells

Function - secreted after a meal, when glucose levels rise
stims glucose and amino acid uptake

23
Q

Glucagon

released from?
Function?

A

released from pancreatic Alpha cells

secreted in very low carb and high protein diet/fasting
stims glycogenolysis, fat catabolism, and promotes absorptionof amino acids

24
Q

Estrogen & progesterone

A

Secreted by ovaries

Maturation of reproductive organs
the appearance of 2ndary sex characteristics

with progesterone causes breast development and cyclic changes

25
Q

Testosterone

A

produced by testes

initiates maturation of male reproductive organs
causes appearance of 2ndary sex characteristics and drive

26
Q

Endocrine functions on other organs:
Heart
Skin
Liver
Kidneys
Stomach & Sm intestine
Placenta

A

Heart: ANP release with increase in BP
Skin: helps produce D3
Liver: EPO, precursor of angiotensin II, GH, converts D3 to calcidiol, hepcidin
Kidneys: EPO
Stomach and Sm intestine: 10 enteric hormones,
Placenta: estrogen, progesterone and others

27
Q

Thymopoietin

Thymosins

A

Produced in thymus

*T cells get turned into different disease fighters

Thymopoietin - involved in modulation of immune function, controlling development of lymphocytes

Thymosins - boost immune system response & stims hormones that control growth

28
Q

What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Zona glomerulosa - Mineralocorticoids - aldosterone

Zona fasciculata - Glucocorticoids - cortisol

Zona reticularis - androgens

Adrenal medulla - epinephrine and NE

29
Q

What are catecholamines

A

Epinephrine & NE

30
Q

What hormones does the thymus release?

A

Thymosin - development of the immune system

Thymopoietin - maintains bodies youthfulness

BIO 224 (20 decks)

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