Ch 18 Flashcards
What are some examples of amino acid based hormones?
Dopamine, NE, epinephrine, insulin
What are some examples of steriod hormones
Cortisol, testosterone, gonadal & adrenocortical hormones
GNRH
made?
function
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
made by hypothalamus
Stimulates GH synthesis and release in the pituitary
Somatostatin
made?
function in pituitary
function in pancreatic
an inhibitory hormone made in the hypothalamus
inhibits GH release from the pituitary
Secreted in pancreatic delta cells
secreted with rise in BG and amino acids after a meal
paracrine secretion - inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
TRH
made?
function
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Produced in hypothalamus
stimulates the release of TSH & prolactin from the anterior pituitary
CRH aka (CRF) made? function
Corticotrophin releasing hormone
Produced in hypothalamus
activates the release of ACTH from the pituitary
GnRH
made?
function
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus
Causes pituitary to secrete LH and FSH
PIH
made?
function
Prolactin inhibitory hormone
Hypothalamus
inhibits ant pituitary from secreting prolactin, inhibiting milk production
Tropic hormones?
target other endocrine glands
ex. gonadotropins target gonads
FSH
Function?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
stim production of egg or sperm cells
LH
Luteinizing hormone
Mainly stims hormone production
Females -> ovalution and corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and estrogen
Male -> stim interstitial cells and testes to secrete testosterone and estrogen
TSH
Function?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
stimulates growth of gland and secretion of TH
ACTH
Function?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
regulates response to stress, stims adrenal cortex
corticosteroids reg glucose, fat and protein metabolism
PRL
Function?
Prolactin
Female -> milk synthesis after delivery
Male -> increase LH sensitivity and increase testosterone secretion
GH
Secreted by?
Function?
Growth hormone
Secreted by somatotropes of ant pituitary
Promotes tissue growth: protein synthesis, lipid & carb metabolism, electrolyte balance
ADH (vasopressin)
Antidiuretic Hormone
Targets kidneys, increase water retention
*also functions as a neurotransmitter
Oxytocin
Function?
Labor contractions. lactation
*possible role in sperm transport & emotional bonding
T3 & T4
Triiodothyronine & Thyroxine
Functions?
Increase metabolic rate & O2 consumption
Calorigenic effect - heat production
increase heart rate and contraction strength
Increase respiratory rate
Stims appetite and carb breakdown
Calcitonin
Produced from?
C Cells
decreased blood Ca2+
promotes Ca2+ deposition and bone formation
PTH
Released by?
Function?
Parathyroid hormone
Released by cheif cells
Increase blood Ca2+ levels by stim osteoclasts
promotes synthesis of calcitrol (vit D3)
increase digestive absorption of Ca2+, increase bone resorption
Decrease urinary excretion
Adrenal medulla inhibits secretion of?
stimulates?
Catecholamines?
Inhibits - Insulin
Stimulates - gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis
Stimulates release of catecholamines
Catecholamines - ephinephrine & NE
Insulin
Secreted from?
Function?
Secreted from pancreatic Beta cells
Function - secreted after a meal, when glucose levels rise
stims glucose and amino acid uptake
Glucagon
released from?
Function?
released from pancreatic Alpha cells
secreted in very low carb and high protein diet/fasting
stims glycogenolysis, fat catabolism, and promotes absorptionof amino acids
Estrogen & progesterone
Secreted by ovaries
Maturation of reproductive organs
the appearance of 2ndary sex characteristics
with progesterone causes breast development and cyclic changes
Testosterone
produced by testes
initiates maturation of male reproductive organs
causes appearance of 2ndary sex characteristics and drive
Endocrine functions on other organs:
Heart
Skin
Liver
Kidneys
Stomach & Sm intestine
Placenta
Heart: ANP release with increase in BP
Skin: helps produce D3
Liver: EPO, precursor of angiotensin II, GH, converts D3 to calcidiol, hepcidin
Kidneys: EPO
Stomach and Sm intestine: 10 enteric hormones,
Placenta: estrogen, progesterone and others
Thymopoietin
Thymosins
Produced in thymus
*T cells get turned into different disease fighters
Thymopoietin - involved in modulation of immune function, controlling development of lymphocytes
Thymosins - boost immune system response & stims hormones that control growth
What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?
Zona glomerulosa - Mineralocorticoids - aldosterone
Zona fasciculata - Glucocorticoids - cortisol
Zona reticularis - androgens
Adrenal medulla - epinephrine and NE
What are catecholamines
Epinephrine & NE
What hormones does the thymus release?
Thymosin - development of the immune system
Thymopoietin - maintains bodies youthfulness
