Ch 16 Definitions: Psychopathology Flashcards
mental disorder
a syndrome characterized by
clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
that reflects dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or development processes underlying mental functioning
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a lifetime disorder characterized by
impairments in social interaction and communication and range of interests
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder first diagnosed in childhood, characterized by
inattention, hyperactivity, or both
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
a close relative of amphetamine that is prescribed to treat ADHD
dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine or Dextrostat)
a dopamine agonist used to treat some cases of ADHD
Adderall
a combination of amphetamine salts prescribed to treat ADHD
schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by
hallucination, delusion, cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and social withdrawal
delusion
a false belief or opinion that is strongly held in spite of conclusive, contradictory evidence
hallucinations
a false or distorted perception of objects or events
positive symptom
an abnormal behavior, such as hallucination and delusion, that does not occur in healthy individuals but occurs in people with schizophrenia
negative symptom
a normal and expected behavior that is absent due to schizophrenia
saccade
a rapid shifts in gaze from one fixation point to the next
typical antipsychotic medication
a dopamine antagonist that is used to treat schizophrenia or psychosis
atypical antipsychotic medication
one of several newer medications used to treat schizophrenia that are not dopamine antagonists
phenothiazine
one of a major group of dopamine antagonists used in the treatment of psychosis
chlorpromazine
a commonly prescribed dopamine antagonist
AKA Thorazine
tardive dyskinesia
a chronic disorder, characterized by
involuntary, jerky movements,
that occurs as a result of long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications
bipolar disorder
a disorder featuring at least one lifetime episode of mania, which is often preceded or followed by a period of depression
mania
an unrealistically elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
accompanied by unusually high levels of goal-directed behavior or energy that lasts about 1 week
lithium
a simple salt that appears to stabilize serotonin and norepinephrine levels in cases of bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder (MDD)
a disorder in which
intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness
persist a minimum of 2 weeks
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
a type of medication, used to treat MDD and related conditions, that interferes with the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a treatment for depression in which convulsions are produced by the passage of an electric current through the brain
panic attack
the experience of intense feelings of impending doom and the need to escape
accompanied by strong sympathetic arousal, including heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath
panic disorder
a condition characterized by
repeated panic attacks and worries about having panic attacks
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by repetitive, intrusive thoughts and the need to engage in certain behaviors to control anxiety
obsession
an intrusive thought, feeling, or emotion with which a person is preoccupied;
characteristic of OCD
compulsion
an irresistible, repeated impulse to perform an action;
characteristic of OCD
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
a disorder arising in response to an extremely stressful event, characterized by
intrusive memories, recurrent dreams, avoidance of stimuli associated with the stressful event, and heightened arousal
antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
a disorder diagnosed in adults, characterized by
a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
psychopathy
a condition characterized by
an abnormal lack of remorse and empathy, often leading to the exploitation of others to meet personal goals
