Ch 16 Definitions: Psychopathology

Question 1

mental disorder

Answer 1

a syndrome characterized by
clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
that reflects dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or development processes underlying mental functioning

Question 2

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 2

a lifetime disorder characterized by

impairments in social interaction and communication and range of interests

Question 3

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 3

a disorder first diagnosed in childhood, characterized by

inattention, hyperactivity, or both

Question 4

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Answer 4

a close relative of amphetamine that is prescribed to treat ADHD

Question 5

dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine or Dextrostat)

Answer 5

a dopamine agonist used to treat some cases of ADHD

Question 6

Adderall

Answer 6

a combination of amphetamine salts prescribed to treat ADHD

Question 7

schizophrenia

Answer 7

a disorder characterized by

hallucination, delusion, cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and social withdrawal

Question 8

delusion

Answer 8

a false belief or opinion that is strongly held in spite of conclusive, contradictory evidence

Question 9

hallucinations

Answer 9

a false or distorted perception of objects or events

Question 10

positive symptom

Answer 10

an abnormal behavior, such as hallucination and delusion, that does not occur in healthy individuals but occurs in people with schizophrenia

Question 11

negative symptom

Answer 11

a normal and expected behavior that is absent due to schizophrenia

Question 12

saccade

Answer 12

a rapid shifts in gaze from one fixation point to the next

Question 13

typical antipsychotic medication

Answer 13

a dopamine antagonist that is used to treat schizophrenia or psychosis

Question 14

atypical antipsychotic medication

Answer 14

one of several newer medications used to treat schizophrenia that are not dopamine antagonists

Question 15

phenothiazine

Answer 15

one of a major group of dopamine antagonists used in the treatment of psychosis

Question 16

chlorpromazine

Answer 16

a commonly prescribed dopamine antagonist

AKA Thorazine

Question 17

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 17

a chronic disorder, characterized by
involuntary, jerky movements,
that occurs as a result of long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications

Question 18

bipolar disorder

Answer 18

a disorder featuring at least one lifetime episode of mania, which is often preceded or followed by a period of depression

Question 19

mania

Answer 19

an unrealistically elevated, expansive, or irritable mood

accompanied by unusually high levels of goal-directed behavior or energy that lasts about 1 week

Question 20

lithium

Answer 20

a simple salt that appears to stabilize serotonin and norepinephrine levels in cases of bipolar disorder

Question 21

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 21

a disorder in which
intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness
persist a minimum of 2 weeks

Question 22

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

Answer 22

a type of medication, used to treat MDD and related conditions, that interferes with the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse

Question 23

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 23

a treatment for depression in which convulsions are produced by the passage of an electric current through the brain

Question 24

panic attack

Answer 24

the experience of intense feelings of impending doom and the need to escape
accompanied by strong sympathetic arousal, including heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath

Question 25

panic disorder

Answer 25

a condition characterized by

repeated panic attacks and worries about having panic attacks

Question 26

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 26

a disorder characterized by repetitive, intrusive thoughts and the need to engage in certain behaviors to control anxiety

Question 27

obsession

Answer 27

an intrusive thought, feeling, or emotion with which a person is preoccupied;
characteristic of OCD

Question 28

compulsion

Answer 28

an irresistible, repeated impulse to perform an action;

characteristic of OCD

Question 29

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 29

a disorder arising in response to an extremely stressful event, characterized by
intrusive memories, recurrent dreams, avoidance of stimuli associated with the stressful event, and heightened arousal

Question 30

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Answer 30

a disorder diagnosed in adults, characterized by

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

Question 31

psychopathy

Answer 31

a condition characterized by

an abnormal lack of remorse and empathy, often leading to the exploitation of others to meet personal goals