Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Bio > Ch 13 > Flashcards

Ch 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Heredity

A

Inheritance, transmission of traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity and hereditary variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genes

A

Hereditary units with coded information on chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Locus

A

Location of gene on chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cells with n chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatic cells

A

All body cells other than gametes with 2n chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the relationship between genes and chromosomes

A

One chromosome contains several hundred to a few thousand genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all of its chromosomes to its offspring. No fusion of gametes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clone

A

Group of genetically identical individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Asexual reproduction benefit vs drawback

A

Fast

No variation and therefore less likely to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Effect of sexual reproduction

A

Genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define life cycle

A

Generation to generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism. Conception to production of its own offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Homologous chromosomes other name

A

Homologs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The two chromosomes composing a pair. Same length, centromere position, and gene locations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exception to Homologous chromosomes

A

Pair of male sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Karyotype

A

Ordered display of chromosomes starting with the longest

18
Q

What would the human karyotype look like?

A

23 pairs totaling 46 chromosomes. 1-22 and x and y

19
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

X and y, determine an individual’s sex

20
Q

Autosomes

A

The others that aren’t sex chromosomes

21
Q

Haploid

A

Single set of chromosomes

22
Q

Diploid

A

Two sets of chromosomes

23
Q

What stage of the life cycle is haploid?

A

gametes (sperm and egg)

24
Q

What stage of the life cycle is diploid?

A

zygote into adulthood

25
Q

What life cycle process converts from haploid to diploid

A

fertilization

26
Q

What is fertilization?

A

union of gametes and fusion of their nuclei

27
Q

What life cycle process converts from diploid to haploid?

A

meiosis

28
Q

alternation of generation

A

life cycle that includes both diploid and haploid stages that are multicellular

29
Q

What organisms exhibit alternation of generation?

A

plants and certain algal species

30
Q

sporophyte

A

multicellular diploid stage

31
Q

gametophyte

A

multicellular haploid stage

32
Q

Two important stages of prophase I

A

synapsis and crossing over

33
Q

synapsis

A

the pairing of homologs along lengths

34
Q

crossing over

A

genetic rearrangement between non sister chromatids

35
Q

chiasmata

A

x-shaped regions where a crossover has occurred

36
Q

What is the name of the zipper-like protein structure in synapsis?

A

synaptonemal complex

37
Q

Meiosis is broken down into

A

meiosis I and II

38
Q

Similarities between meiosis I and II

A

same stages to produce daughter cells, similar splitting of DNA

39
Q

Differences between meiosis I and II

A

duplication only before I, produces diploid in I vs. haploid in II, separates chromosomes in I and chromatids in II.

40
Q

What events produce genetic variation?

A

meiosis and fertilization

41
Q

How do meiosis and fertilization produce variation?

A
  1. independent assortment/random orientation of chromosomes
  2. Crossing over: recombinant chromosomes that aren’t exclusively maternal or paternal
  3. Random fertilization

AP Bio (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions