Ch 13 Flashcards
V. parahaemolyticus is ?
V. parahaemolyticus:
❖ Related to its ability to cause hemolysis on
WAGATSUMA agar
❖ Thermostable direct haemolysin
❖ ↑Cl⁻ secretion
V. vulnificus is ?
❖ Capsule (immune evasion)
❖ Bactericidal activity of human serum as well as a cytolysin
❖ Virulence increased in conditions like Hemochromatosis
Cholera Symptoms ?
Watery “rice-water” stools, vomiting, dehydration,
hypovolemic shock.
❖ Occur 2-3 days after consumption of contaminated food/water
❖ Usually mild, or no symptoms at all
• 75% asymptomatic
• 20% mild disease
• 2-5% severe
❖ Vomiting, Cramps, No fever, Watery diarrhea (1L/hour)
Cholera Management by ?
▪ Fluid/electrolyte replacement (oral/IV).
▪ Cholera should be suspected when patients present with watery diarrhea,
severe dehydration
▪ Antibiotics: Azithromycin (1st-line), doxycycline, ciprofloxacin
V. vulnificus treatment is ?
▪ Combination therapy (doxycycline + ceftriaxone).
▪ Prompt treatment required
V. parahaemolyticus tretmente ?
Self limiting no Antibiotic
Aeromonas Diseases is ?
Diarrhea (acute/chronic), wound infections, opportunistic sepsis
Aeromonas Transmission ?
Contaminated water/food (fresh produce, meats)
Aeromonas Virulence Factors is ?
Endotoxin, hemolysins, enterotoxins
Aeromonas Resistance Profile ?
Resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins
Aeromonas Empirical Therapy ?
Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin).
Mobiluncus Characteristics is ?
Gram-variable, curved, motile rod, anaerobic bacteria, part of vaginal microbiota.
Lacks a true Gram-positive cell wall but stains Gram-negative
Mobiluncus Pathology is ?
▪ Disrupts normal vaginal flora, reducing Lactobacillus dominance.
▪ Produces enzymes and metabolites that contribute to vaginal inflammation.
▪ Increases risk of complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID
Mobiluncus Treatment is ?
Metronidazole or Clindamycin (oral or topical)
Gardnerella vaginalis Characteristics is ?
▪ Gram-variable, facultative anaerobic coccobacillus.
▪ Part of normal vaginal flora but can overgrow in bacterial vaginosis (BV).
▪ Produces biofilm that adheres to vaginal epithelial cells
Gardnerella vaginalis Pathology ?
Produces vaginolysin, leading to epithelial damage.
▪ Increases vaginal pH (>4.5), reducing Lactobacillus levels.
▪ Associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased STI risk
Gardnerella vaginalis Treatment is ?
Metronidazole or Clindamycin
oral or vaginal).
Spirillum minus Characteristics is ?
Gram-negative, helical or spiral-shaped bacterium, Motile with bipolar flagella.
Microaerophilic (requires low oxygen levels)
Spirillum minus Symptoms is ?
Fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcer at bite site, rash, arthritis.
Spirillum minus Laboratory Diagnosis ?
▪ Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and patient history.
▪ Cannot be cultured using standard bacterial media.
▪ Dark-field microscopy or special staining may be used.
▪ PCR and serology can help confirm infection
Spirillum minus Treatment is ?
▪ Penicillin G (first-line antibiotic).
▪ Doxycycline or tetracycline as alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients.
▪ Supportive care for fever and joint pain
Haemophilus Clinical Diseases?
Meningitis
Cellulitis
Otitis Media/Sinusitis
Septic Arthritis
Conjunctivitis
Pneumonia
Brazilian purpuric fever in children
Chancroid
Epiglottitis
chancroid Treatment is ?
Erythromycin
