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ميدكال > Ch 11 > Flashcards

Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa character is ?

A

Gram-negative rods, usually motile, arranged singly or in pairs
Obligate aerobes oxidase positive mucoid due to polysaccharide capsule Grape-like odor Slime layer
Biofilm
Non–lactose fermenting

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2
Q

Produces characteristic pigments is ?

A

❖ Pyocyanin (blue)
❖ Pyoverdin (yellow-green)
❖ Pyorubin (reddish-brown

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3
Q

Alginate (exopolysaccharide) is ?

A

❖ Alginate forms a capsule, protecting against phagocytosis and antibiotics.
❖ Activation of alginate genes occurs in chronic respiratory infections.
❖ Overproduction of alginate phenotypic switch to a mucoid colony

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4
Q

Exotoxin A is ?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis (similar to diphtheria toxin
but less potent

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5
Q

Pyocyanin is ?

A

Generates reactive oxygen species, damages host tissues, and
attracts neutrophils

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6
Q

Pyoverdin is ?

A

Siderophore that binds iron and regulates virulence factors.

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7
Q

Elastases (LasA, LasB) is ?

A

Degrade elastin, complement, and neutrophil
activity

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8
Q

Phospholipase C is ?

A

Hemolysin that breaks down lipids, contributing to
tissue damage

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9
Q

Exoenzymes S and T is ?

A

Cause epithelial damage and facilitate bacterial
spread

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10
Q

Acquired resistance via ?

A

gene transfer and mutations

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11
Q

Adaptive resistance?

A

Triggered by environmental stimuli and biofilm
formation

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12
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Found in ?

A

▪ Soil, organic matter, vegetation, and water.
▪ Hospital environments, medical equipment, and water sources

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13
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa High-risk groups ?

A

▪ Neutropenic/immunocompromised patients.
▪ Cystic fibrosis patients.
▪ Burn victims.
▪ Patients on broad-spectrum antibiotics

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14
Q

Risk factors of Pulmonary Infections is ?

A

Cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic lung disease, neutropenia

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15
Q

What is the Skin & Soft-Tissue Infections in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ?

A

Burn wound infections
Folliculitis
Nail infections (Chloronychia)
Osteochondritis

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16
Q

Folliculitis is ?

A

Associated with contaminated water (e.g., hot tubs, swimming
pools

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17
Q

Nail infections (Chloronychia) is ?

A

individuals with prolonged water
exposure

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18
Q

Osteochondritis is ?

A

after penetrating injuries (e.g., stepping on a nail).

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19
Q

Other Infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ?

A

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Ear infections ( “Swimmer’s ear” (external otitis)
Malignant external otitis in diabetics)
Eye infections Bacteremia & Endocarditis

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20
Q

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flat colonies with spreading border.
β-hemolysis, green pigmentation ?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistant to ?

A

β-lactams, aminoglycosides, colistin

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Burkholderia Cepacia Found in?

A

moist environmental surfaces

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24
Q

Burkholderia Cepacia Complex Clinical Manifestations ?

A

➢ Pulmonary infections: Severe in CF patients, contraindication for lung
transplant
➢ Urinary tract infections (UTIs): In catheterized patients
➢ Septicemia: Contaminated intravascular catheters
➢ Low virulence in non-pulmonary infections

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25
Burkholderia pseudomallei Found in ?
soil, water, and vegetation
26
Burkholderia pseudomallei Transmission by ?
Inhalation or percutaneous inoculation
27
Melioidosis is
Localized infection: Cutaneous abscess with fever & lymphadenitis ▪ Pulmonary disease: Ranges from mild bronchitis to necrotizing pneumonia ▪ Sepsis: Can progress to overwhelming sepsis and death
28
Burkholderia pseudomallei Treatment is ?
TMP-SMX
29
Burkholderia pseudomallei Resistance is ?
piperacillin, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and ciprofloxacin
30
Acinetobacter is ?
Strictly aerobic, oxidase-negative, gram-negative coccobacilli
31
Acinetobacter Found in ?
nature and hospital environments
32
Acinetobacter Infections ?
Respiratory, urinary tract, wounds, and septicemia
33
Acinetobacter Antibiotic ?
Carbapenem resistance is a major issue
34
Campylobacter is ?
Small, comma-shaped, Gram-negative rods with polysaccharide capsule Oxidase-positive; Microaerophilic
35
Campylobacter Cellular components is ?
▪ Endotoxin ▪ Flagellum: Motility ▪ Adhesins: Mediate attachment to mucosa ▪ Invasins ▪ GBS is associated with C. jejuni serogroup O19 ▪ S-layer protein “microcapsule” in C. fetus
36
Campylobacter Extracellular components is ?
▪ Enterotoxins ▪ Cytopathic toxins
37
Gastroenteritis is ?
Most common bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide
38
Gastroenteritis symptoms is ?
Diarrhea, fever, severe abdominal pain acute appendicitis
39
Chronic Enteric Infections is ?
More common in immunocompromised patients
40
Septicemia is ?
▪ C. fetus primarily causes systemic infections ▪ Associated conditions: bacteremia, meningitis, arthritis, septic abortion
41
Campylobacter Clinical Diseases is ?
Gastroenteritis Chronic Enteric Infections Septicemia
42
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is ?
❖ Autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system ❖ Linked to C. jejuni serotype O:19 ❖ Antigenic cross-reactivity with nerve gangliosides
43
Reactive Arthritis is ?
❖ Joint pain and swelling (hands, ankles, knees) ❖ More common in individuals with HLA-B27 phenotype
44
Campylobacter First-line ?
Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin)
45
Campylobacter Second-line ?
Fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines
46
Spiral or bacillary shape Urease-rich Catalase/oxidase-positive microaerophilic conditions metabolizes amino acids.
47
Helicobacter is ?
48
Helicobacter Mack ?
▪ Acid inhibition via bacterial protein. ▪ Urease neutralizes gastric acid. ▪ Adhesion to epithelial cells via surface proteins
49
VacA is ?
Vacuolating cytotoxin damaging epithelial cells.
50
CagA is ?
Injected via type VI secretion system, disrupts host cells and induces IL-8 (attracts neutrophils
51
كيف تنتقل ال Helicobacter ؟
Fecal-oral route
52
لماذا يتم إعطاء two different antibiotics في Helicobacter؟
This helps prevent the bacteria from developing a resistance to one particular antibiotic.
54
الأدوية يلي بتعمل Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)؟
These drugs stop acid from being produced in the stomach. Some examples of PPIs are omeprazole (Prilosec), esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid) and pantoprazole (Protonix
55
Bismuth subsalicylate. More commonly known by the brand name Pepto-Bismol, this drug works by?
coating the ulcer and protecting it from stomach acid
56
Optimized Bismuth Quadruple Therapy (BQT ) is ?
Combines a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole. This is highly recommended for first-time patients due to its effectiveness
57
Rifabutin Triple Therapy is ?
A newer therapy combining rifabutin (a strong antibiotic), amoxicillin, and a PPI. It is a good alternative for patients needing a first-line treatment
58
PCAB and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy is ?
This combination of a potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) and amoxicillin is another effective first-line treatment option, especially in cases where clarithromycin resistance is suspected
59
PCAB-Clarithromycin Triple Therapy ?
For patients with unknown clarithromycin resistance, this therapy (PCAB, clarithromycin, and a PPI) is recommended over traditional PPI-based treatments
60
Levofloxacin Triple Therapy is ?
If your H. pylori strain is sensitive to levofloxacin, this therapy (levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and PPI) is recommended. It is useful if previous treatments, including BQT or rifabutin triple therapy, have failed
61
H. cinaedi ?
enterohepatic (isolated from homosexual men with HIV) Gastroenteritis, septicemia, proctocolitis, cellulitis
62
H. fennelliae?
enterohepatic(isolated from homosexual men with HIV) ➢ Gastroenteritis, septicemia, JAAD Case Reports 2017;3:398-400.2352-5126 proctocolitis
63
Helicobacter species flexispira taxon 8 bactermia with ?
cellulitis in immunocompromised patients
64
H. canadensis, H. canis , H. pullorum ?
Gastroenteritis
65
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ميدكال (15 decks)

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