Ch 11-13 common pathologies Flashcards
common in the palm in line with ring and little fingers; may develop flexion contractures
dupuytren’s contracture
nursemaids elbow
pulled elbow
when nodule or swelling of sheath lining or tendon develops, the tendon can’t slide in and out smoothly so the finger becomes locked in flexion and has to be manually extended
stenosing tenosynovitis
occurs when the palmar aponeurosis undergoes a nodular thickening
dupuytren’s contracture
caused by compression of median nerve within carpal tunnel
carpal tunnel
when great deal of force is applied to an elbow that is slightly flexed; causes ulna to slide posterior to distal end of humerus
elbow dislocation
trigger finger
stenosing tenosynovitis
if fibers were all cute, bowstringing would occur of extensor tendons on flexor side
carpal tunnel
inflammation of common flexor tendon that inserts on medial epicondyle
medial epicondylitis
force causing radial head to sublux out under the annular ligament; pulls on child’s arm or child falls while arm is being held
pulled elbow
caused by disruption of the extensor mechanism of dip joint either b/c tendon was severed or b/c the portion of bone where tendon attaches has aculsed distal phalanx, which remains flexed and cannot extend
mallet finger
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
most common in children by falling on outstretched hand; distal end of humerus fractures above condyles
supracondylar fractures
problem with sliding mechanism of a tendon in its sheath
stenosing tenosynovitis
golfer’s elbow
medial epicondylitis
the scapholunate ligament is most commonly injured during this pathology
wrist sprains
caused by an inflammation and thickening of sheath containing extensor pollicis brevis and adductor pollicis longus resulting in pain on radial side of wrist
De Quervain’s disease
associated with damage to blood vessel that supplies the scaphoid bone and lead to necrosis
scaphoid fracture
middle and ring fingers are most commonly injured in this pathology
stenosing tenosynovitis
most injuries to ulnar collateral ligament occur with fall on outstretched hand; stretching injury of same ligament over time
gamekeeper’s thum
break in distal radius at level of metaphysis and common in elderly
colles fracture
refers to the necrosis of lunate, which may develop after trauma
kienbock’s disease
distal fragment is displaced anteriorly and caused by a fall on back of hand
smith’s fracture
benign, fluid filled cyst common on dorsal side of wrist
ganglion cyst
overuse condition that affects common extensor tendon where it inserts onto lateral epicondyle
lateral epicondylitis
usually results from a fall on outstretched hand of a younger person
scaphoid fracture
results in ulnar deviation of fingers at mcp joints
ulnar drift
most commonly injured carpal bone
scaphoid
common when falling on hyperextended, outstretched hand
wrist sprains
death of bone tissue
avascular necrosis
common hand injury among athletes involves an acute tear of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb
skier’s thumb
overuse injury of medial epicondyle; valgus stresson elbow causing lateral compression and medial distaction on joint
little league elbow
extension of mcp joint, flexion of pip joint, and extension of dip joint
boutonniere deformity
characterized by fleion of mcp joint, hyperextension of pip joint, and flexion of dip joint
swan neck deformity
some fibers of the transverse carpal ligament are often surgically cut to relieve symptoms
carpal tunnel
transverse fracture of distal radius includes a posterior displacement of distal fragment
colles fracture
hitting funny bone
ulnar nerve compression
inflammation of tendons and surrounding sheaths
tenosynovitis
numbness, weakness, tingling in hand specifically at thumb, index, and middle finger
carpal tunnel
incomplete fracture usually of radius and more proximal than colles fracture; most common in children
greenstick fracture
rare but potentially devastating ischemic necrosis of forearm muscles
volkmann’s ischemic contracture
common pathology typically happens to the Extensor carpi radialis brevis is commonly affected
lateral epicondylitis
