Cellular processes: chloride transport

Question 1

rate limiting step of chloride secretion

Answer 1

the opening of Cl- channel
- strictly regulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)

Question 2

secretory diarrhoea

Answer 2

• over stimulation of secretory cells of SI and colon
• due to too high concentrations of secretagogues produced by tumours or inflammation.
• also bacteria like vibrio choleria that activate an enzyme that leads to over secretion

Question 3

cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

• inherited disorder
• only homo zygotes will get it
• lung, bile ducts, colon, clogging
• salty sweat
• issue with epithelial tissues
• sticky mucus in lungs = more bacteria = more inflammation = death of cells = decreased lung capacity over time = death

Question 4

tonicity

Answer 4

the effect intracellular and extracellular solutions’ osmolarity has on cell volume

Question 5

Isotonic

Answer 5

same intra-extracellular osmolarity and non solute movement, so no waterm ovement no cell volume change

Question 6

hypertonic

Answer 6

concentration of ions and solutes extra cellularly is greater so osmolarity is higher extracellularly so water moves out of cell (crenation)

Question 7

hypotonic

Answer 7

greater concentration of solutes in cell so extra cellular osmolarity is lower than intra so. no solute movement so water moves into cell (lysis)

Question 8

osmolarity

Answer 8

number of molecules or ions per litre of solution

Question 9

hyperosmotic

Answer 9

the higher osmolarity solution of two membrane separated solutions

Question 10

isosmotic

Answer 10

to membrane separated solutions witht he same osmolarity

Question 11

hypoosmotic

Answer 11

the lower osmolarity solution of two membrane separated solutions