Blood and immune: intro

Question 1

innate immune system

Answer 1

first and response
- not pathogen specific
- physical barriers
- non specific cells and molecules (phagocytes)
- inflammatory response and natural killer and defensive cells/proteins
- no memory

Question 2

adaptive immune system

Answer 2

third line of defense
- pathogen specific
- lymphocytes, B + T cells
- antibodyes

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

no cells, lots of proteins and antibodies used n immune response

Question 4

buffy coat

Answer 4

the small section of centrifuged blood sample that contains platelets and white blood cells

Question 5

white blood cell types

Answer 5

neutrophils - blobbing nuclei, (adaptive and phagocytic)
lymphocytes - small, near circular nuclei (adaptive immune, b and t cells)
monocytes - kidney nuclei (innate immune)

Question 6

pathology

Answer 6

study of diseases and hoy they progress

Question 7

pathogen

Answer 7

agent that causes a diesease

Question 8

immune sytem

Answer 8

a system to stop invading pathogens

Question 9

immunogenic

Answer 9

something that induces an immune response (antibody or cell mediated immune response) (ie the virus)

Question 10

antigen

Answer 10

a molecule or part of something that induces immune response (pathogens will have antigens on their surface, ie spike protein on a virus)
must be
- immunogenic
- reactive with antibodies
- have epitopes: the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself.

Question 11

antibody

Answer 11

protein a molecular component of the immune system hat recognises and binds/interacts with antigens

Question 12

how pathogens enter

Answer 12

breath
eat
touch
blocked by skin, secreations mucos membranes (innate barriers)

Question 13

first steps in innate response from cutting

Answer 13

• tissue cells damaged
• cells release chemicals like histamine
• histamine makes nearby blood cells leaky and fluid release causes swelling
• factors in fluid heal and clot
• phagocytes activated