Cells and Body Chemistry Flashcards
What is I and what is its structure and function?
Cell/plasma membrane
- S = thin membrane around edge of cell, comprised of a phospholipid bilayer
- F = regulates inputs and outputs of the cell
What is J and what is its structure and function?
Mitochondrion
- S = double membrane bound organelle containing highly folded cristae
- F= site of aerobic cellular respiration to provide energy for the cell
Apoptosis
Natural, regulated, programmed cell death
Hypertrophy
Excessive nourishment/development (of cells) > increased size
What is G and what is its structure and function?
Smooth ER
- S = long network of folded, tube-like structures
- F = synthesizes lipids and hormones
What are prokaryotic cells?
Simplest unicellular organism, no nucleus (singular circular chromosome instead) or membrane bound organelles
What is B and what is its structure and function?
Rough ER
- S = long network of folded, tube-like structures, studded with ribosomes
- F = folding and transport of polypeptides into transport vesicles
What is C and what is its structure and function?
Nucleus
- S = membrane-bound organelle that contains chromosomes (DNA)
- F = controls cellular functions by coding for proteins
Necrosis
Premature death of cells in living tissue (usually from decreased blood flow > hypoxia)
What is F and what is its structure and function?
Cytoplasm
- S = consists of the cytosol (gel-like fluid) and all organelles excluding the nucleus
- F = where most chemical reactions take place, cell expansion, growth and replication
What is H and what is its structure and function?
Lysosome
- S = membrane-bound cell organelle
- F= contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material including pathogens
What is E and what is its structure and function?
Golgi apparatus
- S = folded membranes within the cytoplasm
- F = final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles, these are stored until needed
Neoplasia
New, uncontrolled growth/formation of cells
Hyperplasia
Excessive growth/formation of cells > increased number
What is A and what is its structure and function?
Ribosome
- S = small intracellular structure (not membrane bound) comprised of 2 subunits, made of rRNA and other proteins
- F = site of protein synthesis
What are eukaryotic cells?
They make up more complex multicellular organisms, have a nucleus (contains multiple linear chromosomes) and membrane bound organelles