Cell Diversity, Cell Division And Cellular Organisation Flashcards
What is the role of mitosis and the cell cycle?
To produce identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction of cells
Why does mitosis not give rise to genetic variation?
All the cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Mitosis, cytokinesis and interphase
What are the four stages of mitosis and in order?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
What occurs during cytokinesis?
The parent and replicated organelles move to opposite sides of the cell and the cytoplasm divides thus producing two daughter cells
What occurs during interphase?
The cell grows and then prepares to divide - chromosomes and some organelles are replicated, chromosomes also begin to condense
What occurs during prophase?
The nuclear envelope breaks down and subsequently disappears; the chromosomes condense; and the centrioles move to opposite poles of cell for the purpose of spindle formation
What occurs during metaphase?
The chromosomes move to the equator and attach to the spindle fibres via centromeres
Stem cells in adult humans can divide into how big of a range of cell types?
a limited range
Describe two ways in which a sperm cell is adapted for its role
- tail/flagellum for movement
- many mitochondria to provide energy
- acrosome which contains digestive enzymes
Describe two ways in which a palisade cell is adapted to its function
- many chloroplasts for photosynthesis
- rectangular shape so can be closely packed to form continuous layer
- thin cell wall to increase diffusion of carbon dioxide
- large vacuole to maintain turgor pressure
Name one potential use of stem cells in medicine.
- medical research
- treatment of Alzheimer’s
- replace damaged tissue
Explain the role of meristem tissue in a stem
- source of undifferentiated cells
- can differentiate into other tissues or cells
