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Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three structures carbohydrates exist in?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

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2
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

small, simple sugars

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3
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

when two monosaccharides join together

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4
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

long chain carbohydrates

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5
Q

How many carbon atoms does glucose contain?

A

six so it is a hexose sugar

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6
Q

What is the general formula of glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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7
Q

What are the names of the two common isomers of glucose?

A

alpha and beta

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8
Q

What is the name of the reaction between two monosaccharides to make a disaccharide?

A

a condensation reaction

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9
Q

What molecule is lost when a condensation reaction occurs?

A

a molecule of water

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10
Q

What bond is formed when a condensation reaction occurs between two monosaccharides?

A

a glycosidic bond

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11
Q

What is maltose?

A

malt sugar

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12
Q

What is sucrose?

A

table sugar

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13
Q

What is lactose?

A

milk sugar

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14
Q

What are the two monosaccharides that make up maltose?

A

two alpha glucose molecules

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15
Q

What are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose?

A

glucose and fructose

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16
Q

What are the two monosaccharides that make up lactose?

A

galactose and glucose

17
Q

What are the two polysaccharides that make up starch?

A

amylose and amylopectin

18
Q

What monomer is amylose made up of?

A

alpha glucose

19
Q

What monomer is amylopectin made up of?

A

alpha glucose

20
Q

What monomer is glycogen made up of?

A

alpha glucose

21
Q

Is amylose branched?

A

no

22
Q

Is amylopectin branched?

A

yes ( ~ every 20 monomers)

23
Q

Is glycogen branched?

A

yes ( ~ every 10 monomers)

24
Q

Is amylose coiled/helical?

A

yes

25
Q

Is amylopectin coiled/helical?

A

no

26
Q

Is glycogen coiled/helical?

A

no

27
Q

Which glycosidic bonds are present in amylose?

A

1,4

28
Q

State the physical property of glucose that allows it to be easily transported in the bloodstream.

A

It is soluble

29
Q

Give three properties of cellulose that make it suitable as the basis of plant cell walls.

A
  • Insoluble
  • Unreactive
  • High tensile strength
  • Flexible
  • Can form hydrogen bonds with neighbouring chains

Biology (21 decks)

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