Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the three structures carbohydrates exist in?
monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
small, simple sugars
What are disaccharides?
when two monosaccharides join together
What are polysaccharides?
long chain carbohydrates
How many carbon atoms does glucose contain?
six so it is a hexose sugar
What is the general formula of glucose?
C6H12O6
What are the names of the two common isomers of glucose?
alpha and beta
What is the name of the reaction between two monosaccharides to make a disaccharide?
a condensation reaction
What molecule is lost when a condensation reaction occurs?
a molecule of water
What bond is formed when a condensation reaction occurs between two monosaccharides?
a glycosidic bond
What is maltose?
malt sugar
What is sucrose?
table sugar
What is lactose?
milk sugar
What are the two monosaccharides that make up maltose?
two alpha glucose molecules
What are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose?
glucose and fructose
What are the two monosaccharides that make up lactose?
galactose and glucose
What are the two polysaccharides that make up starch?
amylose and amylopectin
What monomer is amylose made up of?
alpha glucose
What monomer is amylopectin made up of?
alpha glucose
What monomer is glycogen made up of?
alpha glucose
Is amylose branched?
no
Is amylopectin branched?
yes ( ~ every 20 monomers)
Is glycogen branched?
yes ( ~ every 10 monomers)
Is amylose coiled/helical?
yes
Is amylopectin coiled/helical?
no
Is glycogen coiled/helical?
no
Which glycosidic bonds are present in amylose?
1,4
State the physical property of glucose that allows it to be easily transported in the bloodstream.
It is soluble
Give three properties of cellulose that make it suitable as the basis of plant cell walls.
- Insoluble
- Unreactive
- High tensile strength
- Flexible
- Can form hydrogen bonds with neighbouring chains
