CD 19

Question 1

Differentiate Topical vs Transdermal drug delivery?

Answer 1

Topical: localized treatment for a dermatological condition. i.e. Ointment
Transdermal: Product that use on the skin surface as a portal for systemic delivery of bioactive. i.e. patches for angina pain

Question 2

Quiz: Absorption of a drug from a topically applied formulation is a complex process. The factor that determines whether a drug applied to the skin is absorbed is/are

Answer 2

A. The drug
B. The user
C. The formulation
D. All of the above (right Answer)

Question 3

The primary barrier to drug permeation through the skin is?

Answer 3

The stratum corneum (right answer)
The viable epidermis
The dermis
None of above

Question 4

What are the three main layers in skin structure?

Answer 4

Epidermis (it has 2 layers they are stratum corneum (dead cells) & viable(live) epidermis)
Dermis
Hypodermis (SC)

Question 5

Epidermis has 2 layers they are?

Answer 5

Stratum corneum (dead cells) & viable(live) epidermis)

Question 6

Drug transport through the skin can occur via a number of pathways?

Answer 6

A Intercellular (cell block er faky faky jay) 
B Intracellular (cell block er middle diya drug jay)
C Follicular (hair follicle er gora diay drug jay)

Question 7

What is the difference between Normal and Atopic skin?

Answer 7

Healthy skin: Evaporation of Transdermal water stay intact, and keratinocytes barrier stay packed as a result the oily barrier on our skin keep the skin hydrated and healthy skin.

Atopic skin: Evaporation of Transdermal water as result dry skin and chemical or infection or allergens can access through keratinocytes loosen barrier as a result cause infection or inflammation

Question 8

What is the first main reason for atopic skin condition?

Answer 8

Loss of hydration

Question 9

What are the treatment options for atopic conditions?

Answer 9

Topical products 
topical corticosteroids
Oils 
Lotions 
Creams
Ointments
Pain reliever

Question 10

What are moisturisers?

Answer 10

Occlusive (form a barrier on stratum corneum top layer)
They are humectants (reduce loss of water),
Emollients (soften skin),

Question 11

What base Soap substitutes typically contain?

Answer 11

Base is called absorption base (contain w/o) called emulsifying agent.

Question 12

Why emulsifying agent are used as a soap substitute?

Answer 12

Because they can hold or absorb large amounts of water (more than 50% of their volume) in the skin.

Question 13

Steroid hormones are produced by which glands? and what is their location in our body?

Answer 13

by Adrenal glands, in the kidney.

Question 14

Corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative action. Many of these actions are mediated by binding to the?

Answer 14

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs)

Our body usually naturally produces steroid hormone by adrenal gland, one of them is (Cortisol other name hydrocortisone) is produced indigenously which means they made by our body.

Question 15

What does cortisol/cortico-steroids/ hydrocortisone do in our body?

Answer 15

Anti-proliferative (lots of proliferation of cells)
Anti-inflammatory (pain remover)
So, when we use corticosteroids topically in our infected skin, they reduce abnormal proliferation of cells and stop inflammation.

Question 16

Prednisone is more potent than Hydrocortisone why?

Answer 16

Because the structure of prednisone, modified with “double bond” in C1 & C2. which improve anti-inflammatory properties HC=>Prednisone/Prednisolone

Question 17

Why betamethasone is more potent than cortisol?

Answer 17

because there is a F group in Carbon 9 as a result betamethasone will increase receptor affinity and far more potent than cortisol.

Question 18

If we add an ester group with STEROL what will happen with sterol?

Answer 18

Ester group will increase the lipophilicity of the molecule as a result it will increase skin absorption.

Question 19

By modifying a structure of a molecule what we can modify?

Answer 19

We can modify potency and ADRs.

Question 20

Does Skin thickness or Stratum corneum thickness is variable? what it depends on which factors?

Answer 20

Yes, on age, bodyweight

Question 21

What are the different Rank of our body surface areas according to their greatest absorption rate likely to occur?

Answer 21

Eyelids> genitals> face>armpits>forearms>palm>sole

Question 22

Choosing the best formulation what needs to consider?

Answer 22

What to treat
Location
Its moisturizing or drying effect
What patent like and what best vehicle.

Question 23

What are the factors that influence the choice of topical corticosteroids formulation in treating atopic condition?

Answer 23

Ointment: Lubricate, Occlusive, Increase absorption good for dry or scaly or non-hairy part of the body
Cream: appealing and easily washed off, good for large area.
Lotion: Good for Hairy part of the body, good for large area
Foams: Spread readily and easier to apply.
A bit complex delivery system so a bit expensive