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CD > CD 17 > Flashcards

CD 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the adrenal Glands(stress glands) of our body ?

A

On top of our kidneys.

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2
Q

Adrenal glands produces

A 
Mineralocorticoids 
Glucocorticoids 
Androgens 
Catecholamines 
Peptides
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3
Q

Adrenal gland is made of 2 different parts ?

A

Medulla

Cortex

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4
Q

Cortex has 3 different zone ?

A

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

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5
Q

Glucocorticoids produces

A

Cortisol and Cortisone

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6
Q

Cortisol is the predominant corticosteroid secreted

from ?

A

Adrenal cortex in humans

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7
Q

What influence Cortisol

A

Secreted according to a diurnal (Night and day) pattern under the
influence of ACTH from the pituitary gland under the
influence of CRH from the hypothalamus

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8
Q

HPA axis

A

Hypothalamus (CRH hormone)=>Anterior Pituitary(Corticotropes)=> Adrenal Cortex=>Cortisol which try to react stress but when enough than it signal negative and turn cortisol production down.

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9
Q

From where cortisol produce ?

A

adrenal cortex

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10
Q

What is the sorce of secration for Glucocorticoids ?

A

Zona faciculate

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11
Q

What is the sorce of secration for Mineralcorticoids ?

A

Zona glomerulosa

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12
Q

What is the half life of Glucocorticoids

A

70- 90 mins

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13
Q

What is the half life of Mineralcorticoids

A

20 min

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14
Q

Where is the main action of Glucocorticoids

A

metabolism of glucose via
carbohydrate , protein and
lipid metabolism

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15
Q

Where is the main action of

Mineralcorticoids

A

on minerals for example : sodium, potassium and

hydrogen ions

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16
Q

Glucocorticoids controls the carbohydrates,
fats and other proteins
within the system

A

Mineralcorticoids Control of electrolytes and

water balance of the body

17
Q

Glucocorticoids help with

A

healing wounds

of minimising pain in injury

18
Q

Glucocorticoids used as antiinflammatory drugs

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs

19
Q

Mechanism of Action for Glucocorticoid ?

A 
-Activated GR complex upregulates the expression
of anti-inflammatory
proteins
-Activated GR complex
decreases the expression
of pro-inflammatory
proteins
20
Q

Mechanism of Action for Glucocorticoid ?

A

Phospolipids=> Arachidonic acids=>Cyclooxygenase=>prostaglandins,Thromboxane, Prostacyclins

21
Q

Glucocorticocoids Not stored

A

Rate of synthesis and rate of release equal.

22
Q

Glucocorticocoids synthesized

A

rhythmically and control by irregular pulses of ACTH

23
Q

Glucocorticoids act via their receptors

A

in the nucleous

24
Q

Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are closely related and share similarities

A

in their ligand and DNA binding domain

25
Q

Most of the physiological effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
hormones are mediated through

A

binding to intracellular that operate as

ligand-activated transcription factors to regulate gene expression

26
Q

Long Term Risks of Glucocorticoids ?

A

Adrenal axis suppression

Effects on carbohydrate , protein and fat metabolism

27
Q

Topical corticosteroids

A

Topical corticosteroids are used for the treatment of inflammatory
conditions of the skin (other than those arising from an infection), in
particular eczema, contact dermatitis, insect stings, and eczema of
scabies
• Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory reaction
• They are not curative and on discontinuation a rebound exacerbation
of the condition may occur
• They are generally used to relieve symptoms and suppress signs of
the disorder when other measures such as emollients are ineffective

28
Q

What is topical?

A 
Powder
• Paste
• Cream
• lotion
• Ointment
• Drops
29
Q

Which part of the bodily skin absorb Corticosteroids maximum ?

A

Eyelids and genitals

30 % (This is maximum)

30
Q

Which part of the bodily skin absorb Corticosteroids maximum ?

A

Palm 0.1%
Sole 0.5%
(which is Minimum)

31
Q

How much Corticosteroids Face absorb?

A

7 %

32
Q

How much is absorbed systemically?

A

• There is little evidence as to what percentage of a topical corticosteroid
dose is absorbed systemically
• Studies investigating systemic effects do not measure how much of the
corticosteroid is in the blood, but instead focus on measuring cortisol as
a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression
• After a few weeks’ treatment with potent or very potent topical
corticosteroids temporary HPA axis suppression does occur
• However, this resolves upon cessation of the topical corticosteroid,
without the need for dose tapering

33
Q

What are the adverse effects of Corticosteroids ?

A 
Skin thinning
Stretch marks
Easy bruising
Central fat deposition
Enlarged blood vessels
Susceptibility to skin infections
Allergy
34
Q

Minimising adverse effects – using

appropriately!

A
  • apply it to affected areas only
  • Do not apply more frequently than twice daily -once daily is often
    sufficient
  • use the least potent formulation which is fully effective
  • Use appropriate formulation for the area
  • Use appropriate quantity
  • Use for the shortest time possible (but still ensure skin condition
    clears)
35
Q

Corticostiroid suppress the ?

A

Inflammatory reaction

They are not curative

CD (23 decks)

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