CD 13

Question 1

What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?

Answer 1

microorganisms change in ways that render the medication used for infection (WHO)

Question 2

Why Antimicrobial resistance is a problem?

Answer 2

Because it is a public health crisis
Patients dies now where before without antibiotic use patient could survive.
Spread of disease
Cost to individual, healthcare system, societal
We need to do some operations, childbirth, during chemotherapy etc in our life and we need antibiotics to work on otherwise if they become resistance then we might die.

Question 3

How many people alone die in USA with drug resistance bacteria every year?

Answer 3

23 thousand which is 1.15%

Question 4

How many people alone in USA affected with drug resistance bacteria every year?

Answer 4

2 million

Question 5

How many people in 2016 developed MDR for TB?

Answer 5

490 thousand

Question 6

Drug resistance is becoming complicated to fight against which diseases?

Answer 6

HIV, Malaria, gonorrhoea, Influenza.

Question 7

What is the Global action plan 2015 of MDR?

Answer 7

• Improve awareness
• knowledge
• Reduce the incidence
• Effective use antimicrobial
• Develop sustainable investment

Question 8

What is NZ action plan for AMR?

Answer 8

1. Awareness and understanding (AU)
2. Surveillance and research
3. Infection prevention and control (IPC)
4. Antimicrobial stewardship
5. Governance collaboration and investment

Question 9

What is Antimicrobial Stewardship?

Answer 9

• Use antimicrobial appropriately
• Reduce the risk of resistance
• Improve patient outcome. cost

Question 10

AMS directly addresses the which objective or NZ AMR action plan and WHO action plan?

Answer 10

Objective 4

Question 11

Anti-Microbial Stewardship (AMS) Intervention?

Answer 11

1) Broad, higher level activities i.e.
i) guidelines and clinical development: Based on evidenced based medicine and promotes appropriate use of them.
ii) Antimicrobial restriction: specialist approval required, avoid overuse, funding restriction.
iii) Auditing: What is being used and why. Surveillance and restriction

2)Specific, ground level activities i.e. antimicrobial restrictions:
IV to PO switch
Dose optimisation
Eliminate duplicates
De escalation 
Duration 
Interaction

Question 12

Otitis media is usually viral or bacterial?

Answer 12

Viral

Question 13

What is the role of a pharmacist for AMS (stewardship)?

Answer 13

To let people, know about why it is important and how they can be achieved.
We need to inform people about the appropriate use of antibiotics
Personalise the messages individually relate on their family etc. like aging