CD 18 Flashcards
Tinea pedis means?
Tinea= fungus Pedis= foot
What is athletes’ foot or tinea pedis?
Superficial fungal mycosis
Caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. Mentagrophytes
Common in teenage and adults
Does tinea pedis infectious?
Not highly infectious
But it loves worm and moist environment
What are the risk factors or (predisposing factors)of athlete’s foot?
Immune deficiency, Poor circulation of air in feet, sweety feet.
What are the symptoms of athletics foot?
Blistering, dry, red, itchy.
Splitting
They can lead to secondary bacterial infection in broken skin
What is Ringworm (Tinea corporis)?
Caused by T. rubrum fungus, Often zoonotic
Can be acute or chronic
Red patches, white healing middle, itchy, inflamed
What is Tinea capitis?
Superficial Scalp infection, (Inflammation & hair loss)
Caused by kittens/cat. Fungus called M.canis
They can be transmitted through spores via comb or clothing
What are Warts? (Verruca vulgaris)
- Contagious
- caused by HPV (human papillomavirus)
- they are just benign tumour and they do not cause any problem.
- Human to human transmission
What is the treatment of warts?
No therapy generally needed they disappear by themselves
Laser, chemical or surgery removal.
Cytostatic agents or keratolytic agents can be used for stopping proliferation.
What are Cold sores?
Caused by Herpes simplex virus Type 1
So, this virus is endemic (everywhere) but if gone in your body they will live for lifelong in our nerve endings.
7 days incubation
What are the risk factors for cold sore?
Fever, menstruation, Immune suppression
What is the treatment of Cold sores?
Acyclovir
Remember that the Following are Bacterial infections
-This are Superfacial
Follicle infection
Impetigo
Leprosy
-This are Invasive
Cellulitis
Clostridial infections
What is Hair follicle infection?
Specially where lots of hair follicle in your body as a result become it moist and cause infection
What are the Symptoms of Hair follicle infection?
Itchy and painful
Pus and create plug
Usually localised in worm and moist under arm hairy areas
Because of friction they may lead to deeper systemic symptoms
Treatment option for hair follicle infection?
Antibiotics Topical or local or IV
Depends on severity. If needed drainage needs to think about it.
What are the hair follicle infection related complications?
Endocarditis (means bacteria goes into the heart), sinus thrombosis.
Hair follicle infection also occur because of complication of?
Shaving and acne
What is Impetigo?
In AU and NZ, it also known as school sores.
Superficial infection caused by staphylococcus and streptococci
Highly infectious
What are the risk factors for Impetigo?
Broken skin, Trauma, Scratching
How many types of Impetigo is?
2 types
Non-bullous (Contagious): looks honey coloured crust often around nose and mouth.
Bullous (Not contagious): Fluid filled blister when burst get crust. Usually occurs in armpit neck folds etc.
How Impetigo Transmission occur?
Person to person, towel, face cloths
What are the treatment options available for Impetigo?
Antiseptics with
Short course oral antibiotics or topical
Which pathogen cause clostridiam skin infection?
Gram positive spore forming toxin producing bacteria
C. tetani
C. Perfringens
Transmission from environment to a deep tissue through an open wound
C. Tetani for this bacterial infection do we have vaccine?
Yes. So, we need to keep tetanus vaccine up to date.
What are the symptoms of C. tetani?
Tissue infection, stiffness, cramps, seizures and can break your bone.
Tetanus toxin is responsible for?
Stop muscle construction by doing paralysis
How they happen by c. tetani?
After infection bacteria secretes exotoxins which binds to presynaptic nerve ending and prevents release of GABA and Glycine as a result spasms and seizures
For how long we take the vaccine shot?
So, for tetanus injection before we used to have every 10 years of vaccination
but now by Pharmac we have decided that when we have to take the shot, it based on evidence-based medicine. like 11 years or 45 years or 65 years it depends
However (all vaccine called booster dose)
Why we take the tetanus vaccine?
Because It boosts our immunoglobulin antibody, in the future, from any cut, we cannot get infected.
C. perfringens also known as?
Gas gangrins
What are the Risk factors for C. perfringens?
Diabetes, immune suppressant, trauma, surgery
What is the name of the toxin of C. perfringens ?
called “Alpha toxin” cause cell death
Discharge, fever, pain, progression to hypotension, organ failure.
Treatment: antibiotics
What is Leprosy or Hansen’s disease?
Caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Chronic
Cause skin infection
Incubation period 5 years
Types of Leprosy?
2 main types
Tuberculoid (non-infectious) and
lepromatous(infectious)
What is the Treatment of Leprosy?
Multi drug therapy and need long duration to treat
And surgery
Tb vaccine 65% useful for this pathogen (as they are similar pathogen)
