CD 18

Question 1

Tinea pedis means?

Answer 1

Tinea= fungus
Pedis= foot

Question 2

What is athletes’ foot or tinea pedis?

Answer 2

Superficial fungal mycosis
Caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. Mentagrophytes
Common in teenage and adults

Question 3

Does tinea pedis infectious?

Answer 3

Not highly infectious

But it loves worm and moist environment

Question 4

What are the risk factors or (predisposing factors)of athlete’s foot?

Answer 4

Immune deficiency, Poor circulation of air in feet, sweety feet.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of athletics foot?

Answer 5

Blistering, dry, red, itchy.
Splitting
They can lead to secondary bacterial infection in broken skin

Question 6

What is Ringworm (Tinea corporis)?

Answer 6

Caused by T. rubrum fungus, Often zoonotic
Can be acute or chronic
Red patches, white healing middle, itchy, inflamed

Question 7

What is Tinea capitis?

Answer 7

Superficial Scalp infection, (Inflammation & hair loss)

Caused by kittens/cat. Fungus called M.canis

They can be transmitted through spores via comb or clothing

Question 8

What are Warts? (Verruca vulgaris)

Answer 8

• Contagious
• caused by HPV (human papillomavirus)
• they are just benign tumour and they do not cause any problem.
• Human to human transmission

Question 9

What is the treatment of warts?

Answer 9

No therapy generally needed they disappear by themselves
Laser, chemical or surgery removal.
Cytostatic agents or keratolytic agents can be used for stopping proliferation.

Question 10

What are Cold sores?

Answer 10

Caused by Herpes simplex virus Type 1
So, this virus is endemic (everywhere) but if gone in your body they will live for lifelong in our nerve endings.
7 days incubation

Question 11

What are the risk factors for cold sore?

Answer 11

Fever, menstruation, Immune suppression

Question 12

What is the treatment of Cold sores?

Answer 12

Acyclovir

Question 13

Remember that the Following are Bacterial infections

Answer 13

-This are Superfacial
Follicle infection
Impetigo
Leprosy

-This are Invasive
Cellulitis
Clostridial infections

Question 14

What is Hair follicle infection?

Answer 14

Specially where lots of hair follicle in your body as a result become it moist and cause infection

Question 15

What are the Symptoms of Hair follicle infection?

Answer 15

Itchy and painful
Pus and create plug
Usually localised in worm and moist under arm hairy areas
Because of friction they may lead to deeper systemic symptoms

Question 16

Treatment option for hair follicle infection?

Answer 16

Antibiotics Topical or local or IV

Depends on severity. If needed drainage needs to think about it.

Question 17

What are the hair follicle infection related complications?

Answer 17

Endocarditis (means bacteria goes into the heart), sinus thrombosis.

Question 18

Hair follicle infection also occur because of complication of?

Answer 18

Shaving and acne

Question 19

What is Impetigo?

Answer 19

In AU and NZ, it also known as school sores.
Superficial infection caused by staphylococcus and streptococci
Highly infectious

Question 20

What are the risk factors for Impetigo?

Answer 20

Broken skin, Trauma, Scratching

Question 21

How many types of Impetigo is?

Answer 21

2 types
Non-bullous (Contagious): looks honey coloured crust often around nose and mouth.
Bullous (Not contagious): Fluid filled blister when burst get crust. Usually occurs in armpit neck folds etc.

Question 22

How Impetigo Transmission occur?

Answer 22

Person to person, towel, face cloths

Question 23

What are the treatment options available for Impetigo?

Answer 23

Antiseptics with

Short course oral antibiotics or topical

Question 24

Which pathogen cause clostridiam skin infection?

Answer 24

Gram positive spore forming toxin producing bacteria

C. tetani
C. Perfringens
Transmission from environment to a deep tissue through an open wound

Question 25

C. Tetani for this bacterial infection do we have vaccine?

Answer 25

Yes. So, we need to keep tetanus vaccine up to date.

Question 26

What are the symptoms of C. tetani?

Answer 26

Tissue infection, stiffness, cramps, seizures and can break your bone.

Question 27

Tetanus toxin is responsible for?

Answer 27

Stop muscle construction by doing paralysis

Question 28

How they happen by c. tetani?

Answer 28

After infection bacteria secretes exotoxins which binds to presynaptic nerve ending and prevents release of GABA and Glycine as a result spasms and seizures

Question 29

For how long we take the vaccine shot?

Answer 29

So, for tetanus injection before we used to have every 10 years of vaccination

but now by Pharmac we have decided that when we have to take the shot, it based on evidence-based medicine. like 11 years or 45 years or 65 years it depends

However (all vaccine called booster dose)

Question 30

Why we take the tetanus vaccine?

Answer 30

Because It boosts our immunoglobulin antibody, in the future, from any cut, we cannot get infected.

Question 31

C. perfringens also known as?

Answer 31

Gas gangrins

Question 32

What are the Risk factors for C. perfringens?

Answer 32

Diabetes, immune suppressant, trauma, surgery

Question 33

What is the name of the toxin of C. perfringens ?

Answer 33

called “Alpha toxin” cause cell death

Discharge, fever, pain, progression to hypotension, organ failure.

Treatment: antibiotics

Question 34

What is Leprosy or Hansen’s disease?

Answer 34

Caused by Mycobacterium leprae

Chronic

Cause skin infection

Incubation period 5 years

Question 35

Types of Leprosy?

Answer 35

2 main types
Tuberculoid (non-infectious) and

lepromatous(infectious)

Question 36

What is the Treatment of Leprosy?

Answer 36

Multi drug therapy and need long duration to treat
And surgery
Tb vaccine 65% useful for this pathogen (as they are similar pathogen)