Organisation of the Body: Tissues, Membranes and Cavities Flashcards
4 types of body tissue
Muscular, epithelial, nervous, connective
Structure and function of nervous tissue
- S = neurons (dendrites, cell body, axon) and glia (supportive/connective cells with fibrous strands)
- F = transport sensory info from body to brain AND motor info from brain to body
Location and examples of nervous tissue
- Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves throughout the body
- Neurons and glia
Structure and function of muscular tissue
- S = comprised of smooth, skeletal or cardiac muscle cells in particular arrangements
- F = contract and relax to facilitate movement of the body, thermoregulation and movement of substances
Structure and function of connective tissue
- S = fibrous strands with fluid component
- F = help hold internal organs in place, structure, support, protect organs, thermoregulation
Location and examples of connective tissue
- Located between different tissues and organs
- e.g. blood, bones, adipose, cartilage, fascia, tendons, ligaments
Which tissue is the most abundant?
Connective tissue
Structure and function of epithelial tissue
- S = large sheets of continuous cells. Different cell shapes = columnar, cuboidal, squamous (looks like squashed cells). Different thicknesses = simple (1 cell thick), stratified (>1 cell thick)
- F = protection (prevent pathogen entry), absorption, secretion
Locations and examples of epithelial tissue
- Lining cavities and hollow organs, major component of glands
- e.g. skin, lining of small intestine
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Structure, function and examples of skeletal muscle
- S = voluntary, striated
- F = pull bones for movement, stability, posture
- e.g. biceps brachii, triceps brachii
Structure and function of cardiac muscle
- S = involuntary, striated (heart)
- F = pump blood containing nutrients around body
Structure, function and examples of smooth muscle
- S = involuntary, non-striated
- F = facilitates movement of substances and thermoregulation
- e.g. stomach, intestines, oesophagus, arteries, anus, arrestor pili muscles
What is a membrane?
Thin layer of tissue which acts as a boundary, lining or partition in an organism
What are the two broad types of membranes and their subtypes?
- Epithelial: cutaneous, serous, mucous
- Connective: synovial
Structure, function, example of cutaneous membrane
- S = epidermis and dermis
- F = physical barrier between internal and external environment to prevent entry of pathogens for protection
- e.g. skin
Structure, function, locations of serous membrane
- S = double-layered sac (visceral directly outside organ, parietal further from organ)
- F = secrete lubricating fluid to decrease friction from muscle movements
- Pericardial cavity (pericardium), pleural cavity (pleura), peritoneal cavity (peritoneum)
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium (not inflammation surrounding the heart)
Describe the structure of the visceral and parietal peritoneum
- Visceral: outside abdominal organs
- Parietal: inside peritoneal cavity
Note: kidneys are retroperitoneal
Structure, function, locations of mucous membrane
- S = 1 or more layers of epithelial cells overlying connective tissue
- F = secrete mucus for lubrication and protection (traps foreign particles, preventing entry of pathogens)
- Lines openings exposed to external environment e.g. respiratory, digestive and genitourinary tracts
Structure, function, examples of synovial membrane
- S = lines cavities of joints that move as well as surrounding tendons
- F = secrete synovial fluid to lubricate joints, preventing tissue damage from friction
- e.g. found in hips, knees, elbows
What cavity is 1 & what structures does it contain?
Cranial - brain
What cavity is 2 & what structures does it contain?
Thoracic - pleural and pericardial cavities, superior mediastinum
What cavity is 3 & what structures does it contain?
Abdominal - stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, abdomen
