Case 10 - Mental Health Flashcards

Question

What's the difference between nightmares and night terrors

Answer 1

Nightmares occur in the REM stage and can be remembered, night terrors do not and will not be remembered

Answer 2

Sleep walking Sleep eating/drinking Sleep talking Night terrors

Answer 3

``` Onset = puberty Endpoint = socially gaining independence ```

Answer 4

activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop

Answer 5

activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Answer 6

Growth hormone secreted causing growth spurt

Answer 7

prolonged hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation decreases growth hormone secretion. Children who experience ACEs are more likely to have prolonged HPA axis activation and so may be physically different to their peers

Answer 8

increase in white matter particularly in males

Answer 9

Region-specific, non-linear pattern of development Pre-pubertal increase followed by post-pubertal decrease due to synaptic pruning Motor and sensory systems mature before primary function systems

Answer 10

Schizophrenia

Answer 11

* continuous low mood or sadness * feeling hopeless and helpless * having low self-esteem * feeling tearful * feeling guilt-ridden * feeling irritable and intolerant of others * having no motivation or interest in things * finding it difficult to make decisions * not getting any enjoyment out of life * feeling anxious or worried * having suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself

Answer 12

* moving or speaking more slowly than usual * changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased) * constipation * unexplained aches and pains * lack of energy * low sex drive (loss of libido) * changes to your menstrual cycle * disturbed sleep – for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning

Answer 13

* avoiding contact with friends and taking part in fewer social activities * neglecting your hobbies and interests * having difficulties in your home, work or family life

Answer 14

citalopram fluoxetine sertraline

Answer 15

duloxetine

Answer 16

* childhood abuse, trauma, or neglect * social isolation or loneliness * experiencing discrimination and stigma * social disadvantage, poverty or debt * bereavement (losing someone close to you) * severe or long-term stress * having a long-term physical health condition * unemployment or losing your job * homelessness or poor housing * being a long-term carer for someone * drug and alcohol misuse * domestic violence, bullying or other abuse as an adult * significant trauma as an adult, such as military combat, being involved in a serious incident in which you feared for your life, or being the victim of a violent crime * physical causes – for example, a head injury or a neurological condition such as epilepsy can have an impact on your behaviour and mood. (It's important to rule out potential physical causes before seeking further treatment for a mental health problem).

Answer 17

``` lead poisoning malingering hyperthyroidism mental retardation understimulation for intelligent children seizures chronic illness drug side effects ```

Answer 18

``` Appearance and behaviour Speech Mood Thoughts Perception Cognition Insight ```

Answer 19

2nd person - 'you are', 'you should' 3rd person - 'they are', 'they should' Thought echo - thoughts repeated back to them

Answer 20

A fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logic and are not consistent with culture or education

Answer 21

A false sensory perception without an external stimulus

Answer 22

A misinterpretation of an existing stimulus

Answer 23

Seroquel, Zyprexa Sedation, weight gain, involuntary movement, diabetes

Answer 24

Fluoxetine Citalopram Suicidal behaviours, weight loss, abnormal bleeding

Answer 25

Lithium Weight gain, nausea, diarrhoea, tremors

Answer 26

Adderall, Ritalin Growth delays, tics, insomnia, decreased appetite

Answer 27

Hydroxyzine Sedation, dizziness, dry mouth

Answer 28

* you need to be assessed or treated for your mental health problem * your health would be at risk of getting worse if you did not get treatment * your safety or someone else's safety would be at risk if you did not get treatment * your doctor thinks you need to be assessed or treated in hospital, for example if you need to be monitored very regularly because you have to take new or very powerful medication. Otherwise, you may be asked to attend a hospital out-patient clinic.