Cardiac Examination Flashcards
General inspection findings for cardiac exam
GTN spray General appearance - sweaty/pale/cyanotic Oxygen Fluids Medications
Findings for hands in cardiac exam
Temperature Peripheral cyanosis Tendon xanthomata Oslers Nodes Janeway Lesions
Findings for nails in cardiac exam
Clubbing
Koilonychia
Splinter haemorrhages
Nailfold infarcts
Findings for wrist in cardiac exam
Abnormal rate/rhythm/character of pulse
Collapsing pulse
Radio-radial delay
Findings for arm in cardiac exam
Blood Pressures in both arms
Findings for face in cardiac exam
Malar flush
Findings for eyes in cardiac exam
Corneal arcus
Xanthelasma
Conjunctival pallor
Findings for mouth in cardiac exam
Poor dentition
Central cyanosis
Findings for neck in cardiac exam
Abnormal rate/rhythm/character of carotid pulse
JVP w/hepatojugular reflex
Findings for chest inspection in cardiac exam
Scars
Visible heave
Findings for chest palpation in cardiac exam
Apex beat (where, character?)
Left parasternal heave
Thrills
Findings for auscultation in cardiac exam
Apex - bell then diaphragm
Tricuspid - diaphragm
Pulmonary - diaphragm
Aortic - diaphragm
Manoeuvres to amplify cardiac murmurs
Apex, patient on LHS , breath held to expire - Amplifies mitral stenosis (with bell)
Listen to aortic valve with diaphragm, breath held to expire - amplifies aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis
Areas of cardiac murmur radiation
Axilla - Mitral regurgitation
Carotid - aortic stenosis
Findings for back in cardiac exam
Auscultate lung bases for crepitations
Palpate for sacral oedema
Findings for ankles in cardiac exam
Peripheral oedema
To complete examination (cardiac)
Review obs
Abdominal/respiratory examination
Peripheral pulses
ECG, Echo, urinalysis
What does an increased capillary refill time indicate
Poor peripheral perfusion
What is peripheral cyanosis indicative of
Peripheral vascular disease
Raynauds
Congestive cardiac failure
What is tendon xanthomata indicative of
Hypercholesterolaemia
What are Oslers nodes and Janeway lesions indicative of
Infective endocarditis
Cardiac causes of clubbing
Infective endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, atrial myxoma
What is koilonychia indicative of
Iron deficiency anaemia
What are splinter haemorrhages indicative of
Infective endocarditis
Trauma
