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C21 Phase 1 > Cardiac Examination > Flashcards

Cardiac Examination Flashcards

1
Q

General inspection findings for cardiac exam

A 
GTN spray
General appearance - sweaty/pale/cyanotic
Oxygen
Fluids
Medications
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2
Q

Findings for hands in cardiac exam

A 
Temperature
Peripheral cyanosis
Tendon xanthomata
Oslers Nodes
Janeway Lesions
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3
Q

Findings for nails in cardiac exam

A

Clubbing
Koilonychia
Splinter haemorrhages
Nailfold infarcts

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4
Q

Findings for wrist in cardiac exam

A

Abnormal rate/rhythm/character of pulse
Collapsing pulse
Radio-radial delay

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5
Q

Findings for arm in cardiac exam

A

Blood Pressures in both arms

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6
Q

Findings for face in cardiac exam

A

Malar flush

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7
Q

Findings for eyes in cardiac exam

A

Corneal arcus
Xanthelasma
Conjunctival pallor

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8
Q

Findings for mouth in cardiac exam

A

Poor dentition

Central cyanosis

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9
Q

Findings for neck in cardiac exam

A

Abnormal rate/rhythm/character of carotid pulse

JVP w/hepatojugular reflex

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10
Q

Findings for chest inspection in cardiac exam

A

Scars

Visible heave

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11
Q

Findings for chest palpation in cardiac exam

A

Apex beat (where, character?)
Left parasternal heave
Thrills

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12
Q

Findings for auscultation in cardiac exam

A

Apex - bell then diaphragm
Tricuspid - diaphragm
Pulmonary - diaphragm
Aortic - diaphragm

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13
Q

Manoeuvres to amplify cardiac murmurs

A

Apex, patient on LHS , breath held to expire - Amplifies mitral stenosis (with bell)

Listen to aortic valve with diaphragm, breath held to expire - amplifies aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis

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14
Q

Areas of cardiac murmur radiation

A

Axilla - Mitral regurgitation

Carotid - aortic stenosis

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15
Q

Findings for back in cardiac exam

A

Auscultate lung bases for crepitations

Palpate for sacral oedema

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16
Q

Findings for ankles in cardiac exam

A

Peripheral oedema

17
Q

To complete examination (cardiac)

A

Review obs
Abdominal/respiratory examination
Peripheral pulses
ECG, Echo, urinalysis

18
Q

What does an increased capillary refill time indicate

A

Poor peripheral perfusion

19
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis indicative of

A

Peripheral vascular disease
Raynauds
Congestive cardiac failure

20
Q

What is tendon xanthomata indicative of

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

21
Q

What are Oslers nodes and Janeway lesions indicative of

A

Infective endocarditis

22
Q

Cardiac causes of clubbing

A

Infective endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, atrial myxoma

23
Q

What is koilonychia indicative of

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

24
Q

What are splinter haemorrhages indicative of

A

Infective endocarditis

Trauma

25
Q

What are nailfold infarcts indicative of

A

Vasculitis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

26
Q

What is a collapsing pulse indicative of

A

Aortic regurgitation

27
Q

What is radio-radial delay indicative of

A

Aortic dissection

28
Q

What is a wide/narrow pulse pressure indicative of

A

Wide - aortic regurgitation

Narrow - aortic stenosis

29
Q

What is malar flush indicative of

A

Mitral stenosis

30
Q

What is corneal arcus and xanthelasma indicative of

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

31
Q

What is conjunctival pallor indicative of

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

32
Q

What is central cyanosis indicative of

A

Lung disease

Cardiac shunt

33
Q

What is the significance of poor dentition in a cardiac examination

A

Risk factor for infective endocarditis

34
Q

What is an exaggerated carotid pulse indicative of

A

Aortic regurgitation

35
Q

What is an elevated JVP indicative of

A

Right sided heart failure

36
Q

What are apical and parasternal heaves indicative of

A

Apical - left ventricular hypertrophy

Parasternal - right ventricular hypertrophy

37
Q

What is a palpable thrill indicative of

A

Grade 4 or above murmur

38
Q

What are lung base crepitations indicative of

A

Left sided heart failure

39
Q

What is sacral oedema indicative of

A

Right sided heart failure

C21 Phase 1 (45 decks)

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