Carginogenesis Flashcards
top three factors that cause human carcinogens
diet
tobacco
infection
a subset of lesions of the disease
cancer
the autonomous growth of tissue with permanently altered genetic make-up
neoplasia
neoplasms can be ____ or _____
benign or malignant
mesemchymal neoplasia are called
sarcomas
epithelial neoplasias are called
carcinomas
four different causes for formation of neoplasms
chemical
mechanical
radiation
viral infections
three different stages of carginogenesis
initiation
promotion
progression
three things about initiation
irreversible mutation
suppression of DNA repair
permanent DNA damage
two things about promotion
stimulation of clonal expansion by tumor promoters
inhibition of apoptosis
two things about progression
further chromosomal damage possible
conversion of preneoplastic lesion to neoplasm
mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis
some compounds directly genotoxic
activation through biotransformation
procarcinogen, proximate carcinogen, ultimate carcinogen
activation by free radicals
examples of chemical carcinogens
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons azo dyes aromatic amines aflatoxin metals
target molecule for carcinogenesis
DNA
mutagenesis involves three things
covalent binding
cell proliferation
DNA damage