Biomarkers Flashcards
a xenobiotically induced variation in cellular or biochemical components or processes, structures, or function that is measurable in a biological system or sample
biomarker
medical applications for biomarkers
ALT for liver damage
Creatinine for kidney damage
environmental toxicology uses for biomarkers
biochemical
physiological
histological
other uses for biomarkers
oil fingerprinting
Types of biomarkers
exposure
effect
susceptibility
specific benefits over chemical analysis
bioavailability
sensitivity
time integration
CYP1A induction for
aromatic hydrocarbons
UGT induction for
phenols, estrogens
GST induction for
oxidative stress
ALAD inhibition for
lead
MT induction for
heavy metals
Vtg in males for
estrogenic compounds
AChE inhibition for
pesticides
Bile analysis for
PAHs, estrogenics
six potential problems with biomarkers
sensitivity specificity importance variability invasive sampling environmental relevance
