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A&P 224 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

1: helps anchor and hold heart in place while contracting (beating)

2:Limits how much heart can fill with blood
(Heart has stretch receptors that once heart starts filling up, the fibrous pericardium stretch receptors are stimulated and it triggers heart to contract blood)

3: helps separate and protect heart in thoracic cavity

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2
Q

What is the difference between visceral and parietal pericardium?

A

-visceral pericardium - attached directly to surface of the heart

-parietal pericardium- attached to under side of fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

Why does the left lung only have two lobes and not three?

A

Left lung- has the heart more on the left side

Right lung has three lobs as heart doesn’t sit in the right side

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4
Q

What would occur if the serious fluid dried up?

A

Lose lubercation , when heart contracts the two membrane would rub together and cause friction
-KNOWN AS- pericarditis

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5
Q

What is another name for the visceral pericardium?

A

Epicardium

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6
Q

Systole

A

When the heart is contracting and ejecting blood

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7
Q

Diastole

A

Heart is relaxing and filling with blood

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8
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure inside blood vessel when heart is contracting and ejecting blood

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9
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure inside blood vessel when heart is relaxing and filling with blood

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10
Q

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is

-can be due to…

A

When valve function has deteriorated to where heart cannot maintain adequate blood flow

-congenital malformations
-heart swelling (carditis)

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11
Q

Congenital malformation is

A

Heart valve didn’t form correctly when in the uterus

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12
Q

Define cardiac regurgitation

Can cause what?

A

Back flow of blood back up into the atria which can causes a heart murmur

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13
Q

Define cardiology

A

To study the heart

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14
Q

Pericardium is
Consists of 2 layers (outer and inner)

A

Sac surround the heart

(Outer layer)= fibrous pericardium
(Inner layer)= serous pericardium

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15
Q

Fibrous pericardium (pericardial sac)

A

(Outer layer) Attaches the heart to surrounding structures

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16
Q

Serous pericardium is (2layers)

A

Thin serous membrane that produces serous fluid

2 layers are- parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

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17
Q

Parietal pericardium is

A

Encase the heart like sac
(Doesn’t touch the heart)

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18
Q

Visceral pericardium is

Also known as

A

Directly attached to surface of heart

Also known as EPICARDIUM

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19
Q

Pericardial cavity is located where

Empathy space filled with what?

A

In between the parietal and visceral pericardium

Empty space filled with serous fluid

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20
Q

Serous pericardium does what

A

Produces serous fluid into pericardial cavity and prevents friction during contraction

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21
Q

If serous fluid dries up what happens

It’s known as

A

Causes painful contractions of heart

-known as pericarditis

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22
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Takes blood to the lungs

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23
Q

Systemic circuit takes blood where

A

Takes blood to entire body

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24
Q

Coronary circuit takes blood where

A

Takes blood to heart itself

25
Q

Veins bring blood were

-oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

A

to the heart

-carry de-oxygenated blood

26
Q

Arteries carry blood where

-oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

A

Away from the heart

-carry oxygenated blood

27
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced blood flow to a tissue

28
Q

Hypoxia

A

Reduced oxygen to a tissue

29
Q

The heart is an organ that pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body to do this it must …

A

1:route blood into different pathways (pulmonary and systemic)
2:Endure one-way blood flow: valves (don’t want blood to mix)

3: regulate blood supply, adjust pumping rate to match bodies demand (regulated by sensory receptors and hormone function)

4: Generate blood Pressure to keep blood flowin throughout the body (vessels attached to heart are an enclosed circuit)

30
Q

Auricles (right and left)

A

Muscular ear shaped flap
-has a hollow chamber inside called an atrium

31
Q

Sulci is

Consists of 3:

A

Indentation or groove on surface of an organ

1:coronary sulcus
2:anterior interventricular sulcus
3: posterior interventricular sulcus

32
Q

Sulcus is

A

Area where adipose tissue and blood vessels embed themselves on the surface of the heart

33
Q

From superficial to deep, name the layers of the heart wall.

A

Epicardium-covering heart wall (outer layer)

Myocardium- myo=muscle (thick)

Endocardium- internal layer lining the heart

34
Q

What is a function of the epicardium.

-Also called what?

-covers what?

A

Helps produce serous fluid and secretes into the pericardial cavity

-visceral pericardium

-surface of heart muscle

35
Q

What is the function of the intercalated discs?

A

Stabilize relative positions of adjacent cells
•Allow cells to “pull together” for maximum efficiency
•All cells to function “as one” (functional syncytium)

36
Q

During ventricular systole,

A

the ventricles are contracting

37
Q

The function of the cardiac skeleton is to

A

stabilize the position of the heart valves.

38
Q

What vessel carries oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary veins

39
Q

What blood vessel do ventricles always pump blood into?

A

Arteries( blood vessels that carry blood away from heart)

40
Q

Ventricles pump blood into

Atria receive blood from

A

Ventricles- arteries
Atria- veins

41
Q

Which blood vessel is not a great blood vessel of the heart

A

Pulmonary arteries

42
Q

What might happen if the papillary muscles and/or chordae tendineae stopped functions?

A

Blood would leak back into the aria from the ventricles

43
Q

Both the left and right atria receive blood from

A

Veins

44
Q

The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is approx.____ per minute

A

200

45
Q

In ______ the cusps of the bicuspid valves do not close properly

A

Mitral valve prolapse

46
Q

Semilunar valves prevent back flow of blood into the

A

Ventricles

47
Q

If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node,

A

It will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm

48
Q

Aneurysm is

A

Bulge in arterial wall, caused by weak spot in elastic fibers
-pressure may rupture vessel

49
Q

Arteriosclerosis is

A

Thickening or toughening of artery walls
-coronary artery disease (CAD)- heart gets blocked and heart starves leads to heart attack

-arteriosclerosis of brain arteries can lead to strokes

50
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

Formation of lipid deposits in tunica media associated with tunica intima damage

-most common form of arteriosclerosis
-associated with elevated cholesterol (may form fatty tissue mass (plaque) in vessel that restrict blood flow.

-most common in older men

Treatment- remove damaged vessel or compressing plaque with balloon angioplasty

51
Q

Important functions of blood

A

-transportation of dissolved substance
-regulation of pH and ions
-restriction of fluid loses at injury sites
-defense against toxins and pathogens
-stabilization of body temperature

52
Q

Three general characteristics of blood

A

1: 38degree C (100.4F) normal temperature
2:high viscosity
3: slightly alkaline pH (7.35-7.45)
Below 7.35 -acidosis
Above 7.45 -alkalosis

53
Q

Arterial Anastomoses

A

•Interconnect anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
•Stabilize blood supply to cardiac muscle

54
Q

Four heart chambers are

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

55
Q

Right atrium

A

Receiving chamber
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

56
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumping chamber
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (Pulmonary Circuit)

57
Q

Left atrium

A

Receiving chamber
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

58
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumping chamber
Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body (Systemic Circuit)

A&P 224 (12 decks)

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