Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
1: helps anchor and hold heart in place while contracting (beating)
2:Limits how much heart can fill with blood
(Heart has stretch receptors that once heart starts filling up, the fibrous pericardium stretch receptors are stimulated and it triggers heart to contract blood)
3: helps separate and protect heart in thoracic cavity
What is the difference between visceral and parietal pericardium?
-visceral pericardium - attached directly to surface of the heart
-parietal pericardium- attached to under side of fibrous pericardium
Why does the left lung only have two lobes and not three?
Left lung- has the heart more on the left side
Right lung has three lobs as heart doesn’t sit in the right side
What would occur if the serious fluid dried up?
Lose lubercation , when heart contracts the two membrane would rub together and cause friction
-KNOWN AS- pericarditis
What is another name for the visceral pericardium?
Epicardium
Systole
When the heart is contracting and ejecting blood
Diastole
Heart is relaxing and filling with blood
Systolic pressure
Pressure inside blood vessel when heart is contracting and ejecting blood
Diastolic pressure
Pressure inside blood vessel when heart is relaxing and filling with blood
Valvular heart disease (VHD) is
-can be due to…
When valve function has deteriorated to where heart cannot maintain adequate blood flow
-congenital malformations
-heart swelling (carditis)
Congenital malformation is
Heart valve didn’t form correctly when in the uterus
Define cardiac regurgitation
Can cause what?
Back flow of blood back up into the atria which can causes a heart murmur
Define cardiology
To study the heart
Pericardium is
Consists of 2 layers (outer and inner)
Sac surround the heart
(Outer layer)= fibrous pericardium
(Inner layer)= serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium (pericardial sac)
(Outer layer) Attaches the heart to surrounding structures
Serous pericardium is (2layers)
Thin serous membrane that produces serous fluid
2 layers are- parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium is
Encase the heart like sac
(Doesn’t touch the heart)
Visceral pericardium is
Also known as
Directly attached to surface of heart
Also known as EPICARDIUM
Pericardial cavity is located where
Empathy space filled with what?
In between the parietal and visceral pericardium
Empty space filled with serous fluid
Serous pericardium does what
Produces serous fluid into pericardial cavity and prevents friction during contraction
If serous fluid dries up what happens
It’s known as
Causes painful contractions of heart
-known as pericarditis
Pulmonary circuit
Takes blood to the lungs
Systemic circuit takes blood where
Takes blood to entire body
Coronary circuit takes blood where
Takes blood to heart itself
Veins bring blood were
-oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
to the heart
-carry de-oxygenated blood
Arteries carry blood where
-oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
Away from the heart
-carry oxygenated blood
Ischemia
Reduced blood flow to a tissue
Hypoxia
Reduced oxygen to a tissue
The heart is an organ that pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body to do this it must …
1:route blood into different pathways (pulmonary and systemic)
2:Endure one-way blood flow: valves (don’t want blood to mix)
3: regulate blood supply, adjust pumping rate to match bodies demand (regulated by sensory receptors and hormone function)
4: Generate blood Pressure to keep blood flowin throughout the body (vessels attached to heart are an enclosed circuit)
Auricles (right and left)
Muscular ear shaped flap
-has a hollow chamber inside called an atrium
Sulci is
Consists of 3:
Indentation or groove on surface of an organ
1:coronary sulcus
2:anterior interventricular sulcus
3: posterior interventricular sulcus
Sulcus is
Area where adipose tissue and blood vessels embed themselves on the surface of the heart
From superficial to deep, name the layers of the heart wall.
Epicardium-covering heart wall (outer layer)
Myocardium- myo=muscle (thick)
Endocardium- internal layer lining the heart
What is a function of the epicardium.
-Also called what?
-covers what?
Helps produce serous fluid and secretes into the pericardial cavity
-visceral pericardium
-surface of heart muscle
What is the function of the intercalated discs?
Stabilize relative positions of adjacent cells
•Allow cells to “pull together” for maximum efficiency
•All cells to function “as one” (functional syncytium)
During ventricular systole,
the ventricles are contracting
The function of the cardiac skeleton is to
stabilize the position of the heart valves.
What vessel carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
What blood vessel do ventricles always pump blood into?
Arteries( blood vessels that carry blood away from heart)
Ventricles pump blood into
Atria receive blood from
Ventricles- arteries
Atria- veins
Which blood vessel is not a great blood vessel of the heart
Pulmonary arteries
What might happen if the papillary muscles and/or chordae tendineae stopped functions?
Blood would leak back into the aria from the ventricles
Both the left and right atria receive blood from
Veins
The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is approx.____ per minute
200
In ______ the cusps of the bicuspid valves do not close properly
Mitral valve prolapse
Semilunar valves prevent back flow of blood into the
Ventricles
If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node,
It will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm
Aneurysm is
Bulge in arterial wall, caused by weak spot in elastic fibers
-pressure may rupture vessel
Arteriosclerosis is
Thickening or toughening of artery walls
-coronary artery disease (CAD)- heart gets blocked and heart starves leads to heart attack
-arteriosclerosis of brain arteries can lead to strokes
Atherosclerosis is
Formation of lipid deposits in tunica media associated with tunica intima damage
-most common form of arteriosclerosis
-associated with elevated cholesterol (may form fatty tissue mass (plaque) in vessel that restrict blood flow.
-most common in older men
Treatment- remove damaged vessel or compressing plaque with balloon angioplasty
Important functions of blood
-transportation of dissolved substance
-regulation of pH and ions
-restriction of fluid loses at injury sites
-defense against toxins and pathogens
-stabilization of body temperature
Three general characteristics of blood
1: 38degree C (100.4F) normal temperature
2:high viscosity
3: slightly alkaline pH (7.35-7.45)
Below 7.35 -acidosis
Above 7.45 -alkalosis
Arterial Anastomoses
•Interconnect anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
•Stabilize blood supply to cardiac muscle
Four heart chambers are
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Receiving chamber
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Right ventricle
Pumping chamber
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (Pulmonary Circuit)
Left atrium
Receiving chamber
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Left ventricle
Pumping chamber
Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body (Systemic Circuit)
