Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Tayler Schatteman

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

1: helps anchor and hold heart in place while contracting (beating)

2:Limits how much heart can fill with blood
(Heart has stretch receptors that once heart starts filling up, the fibrous pericardium stretch receptors are stimulated and it triggers heart to contract blood)

3: helps separate and protect heart in thoracic cavity

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What is the difference between visceral and parietal pericardium?

-visceral pericardium - attached directly to surface of the heart

-parietal pericardium- attached to under side of fibrous pericardium

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Why does the left lung only have two lobes and not three?

Left lung- has the heart more on the left side

Right lung has three lobs as heart doesn’t sit in the right side

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What would occur if the serious fluid dried up?

Lose lubercation , when heart contracts the two membrane would rub together and cause friction
-KNOWN AS- pericarditis

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What is another name for the visceral pericardium?

Epicardium

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Systole

When the heart is contracting and ejecting blood

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Diastole

Heart is relaxing and filling with blood

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Systolic pressure

Pressure inside blood vessel when heart is contracting and ejecting blood

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Diastolic pressure

Pressure inside blood vessel when heart is relaxing and filling with blood

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Valvular heart disease (VHD) is

-can be due to…

When valve function has deteriorated to where heart cannot maintain adequate blood flow

-congenital malformations
-heart swelling (carditis)

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Congenital malformation is

Heart valve didn’t form correctly when in the uterus

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Define cardiac regurgitation

Can cause what?

Back flow of blood back up into the atria which can causes a heart murmur

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Define cardiology

To study the heart

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Pericardium is
Consists of 2 layers (outer and inner)

Sac surround the heart

(Outer layer)= fibrous pericardium
(Inner layer)= serous pericardium

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Fibrous pericardium (pericardial sac)

(Outer layer) Attaches the heart to surrounding structures

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Serous pericardium is (2layers)

Thin serous membrane that produces serous fluid

2 layers are- parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

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Parietal pericardium is

Encase the heart like sac
(Doesn’t touch the heart)

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Visceral pericardium is

Also known as

Directly attached to surface of heart

Also known as EPICARDIUM

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Pericardial cavity is located where

Empathy space filled with what?

In between the parietal and visceral pericardium

Empty space filled with serous fluid

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Serous pericardium does what

Produces serous fluid into pericardial cavity and prevents friction during contraction

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If serous fluid dries up what happens

It’s known as

Causes painful contractions of heart

-known as pericarditis

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Pulmonary circuit

Takes blood to the lungs

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Systemic circuit takes blood where

Takes blood to entire body

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Coronary circuit takes blood where

Takes blood to heart itself

Veins bring blood were -oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

to the heart -carry de-oxygenated blood

Arteries carry blood where -oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

Away from the heart -carry oxygenated blood

Ischemia

Reduced blood flow to a tissue

Hypoxia

Reduced oxygen to a tissue

The heart is an organ that pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body to do this it must …

1:route blood into different pathways (pulmonary and systemic) 2:Endure one-way blood flow: valves (don’t want blood to mix) 3: regulate blood supply, adjust pumping rate to match bodies demand (regulated by sensory receptors and hormone function) 4: Generate blood Pressure to keep blood flowin throughout the body (vessels attached to heart are an enclosed circuit)

Auricles (right and left)

Muscular ear shaped flap -has a hollow chamber inside called an atrium

Sulci is Consists of 3:

Indentation or groove on surface of an organ 1:coronary sulcus 2:anterior interventricular sulcus 3: posterior interventricular sulcus

Sulcus is

Area where adipose tissue and blood vessels embed themselves on the surface of the heart

From superficial to deep, name the layers of the heart wall.

Epicardium-covering heart wall (outer layer) Myocardium- myo=muscle (thick) Endocardium- internal layer lining the heart

What is a function of the epicardium. -Also called what? -covers what?

Helps produce serous fluid and secretes into the pericardial cavity -visceral pericardium -surface of heart muscle

What is the function of the intercalated discs?

Stabilize relative positions of adjacent cells •Allow cells to “pull together” for maximum efficiency •All cells to function “as one” (functional syncytium)

During ventricular systole,

the ventricles are contracting

The function of the cardiac skeleton is to

stabilize the position of the heart valves.

What vessel carries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary veins

What blood vessel do ventricles always pump blood into?

Arteries( blood vessels that carry blood away from heart)

Ventricles pump blood into Atria receive blood from

Ventricles- arteries Atria- veins

Which blood vessel is not a great blood vessel of the heart

Pulmonary arteries

What might happen if the papillary muscles and/or chordae tendineae stopped functions?

Blood would leak back into the aria from the ventricles

Both the left and right atria receive blood from

Veins

The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is approx.____ per minute

200

In ______ the cusps of the bicuspid valves do not close properly

Mitral valve prolapse

Semilunar valves prevent back flow of blood into the

Ventricles

If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node,

It will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm

Aneurysm is

Bulge in arterial wall, caused by weak spot in elastic fibers -pressure may rupture vessel

Arteriosclerosis is

Thickening or toughening of artery walls -coronary artery disease (CAD)- heart gets blocked and heart starves leads to heart attack -arteriosclerosis of brain arteries can lead to strokes

Atherosclerosis is

Formation of lipid deposits in tunica media associated with tunica intima damage -most common form of arteriosclerosis -associated with elevated cholesterol (may form fatty tissue mass (plaque) in vessel that restrict blood flow. -most common in older men Treatment- remove damaged vessel or compressing plaque with balloon angioplasty

Important functions of blood

-transportation of dissolved substance -regulation of pH and ions -restriction of fluid loses at injury sites -defense against toxins and pathogens -stabilization of body temperature

Three general characteristics of blood

1: 38degree C (100.4F) normal temperature 2:high viscosity 3: slightly alkaline pH (7.35-7.45) Below 7.35 -acidosis Above 7.45 -alkalosis

Arterial Anastomoses

•Interconnect anterior and posterior interventricular arteries •Stabilize blood supply to cardiac muscle

Four heart chambers are

Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle

Right atrium

Receiving chamber Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Right ventricle

Pumping chamber Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (Pulmonary Circuit)

Left atrium

Receiving chamber Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Left ventricle

Pumping chamber Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body (Systemic Circuit)