Aulner Reproductive System

Question 1

Male reproductive system functions

Answer 1

-produce and deliver gametes (sperm cells/egg cells)

-produce sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone)

-fertilization/gestation (developing of embryo though fetus to newborn)

Question 2

Sex cell=

Answer 2

gamete= haploid (1/2 normal chromosome #)
-For humans the normal # of chromosomes in a cell = 46, haploid cell would have 23
chromosomes in a cell.

Question 3

How do we make these haploid cells →

Answer 3

through meiosis (producation of sex cells)-cellular division that produces 4 haploid cells (DNA replicates on time and cell divides two times)

Question 4

Meiotic divisons happen in the

Answer 4

gonads, testes and ovaries (producation of sex cells/gametes)

Question 5

Male reproductive organs are

Answer 5

Accessory glands: Seminal vesicle—Prostate gland and Bulbourethral gland
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Ductus deferens
Epididymis
Penis
Testis
Scrotum

Question 6

Sperm production happens best around

Answer 6

2-5 degrees
Fahrenheit below body temp

Question 7

where sperm cells are being stored.

Answer 7

Epididymis

Question 8

where sperm is ejaculated from into vas deferens

Answer 8

Tail of the epididymis

Question 9

Help regulate body temp of testes

Answer 9

Dartose & Cremaster
muscle

Question 10

allows movement of testes

Answer 10

Dartos muscle

Question 11

extension of internal oblique muscle allows testes to move up when it contracts or down when relaxing.

Answer 11

Cremaster muscle

Question 12

When warm→ dartos muscle and cremaster do what

Answer 12

Dartos muscle relaxes and cremaster muscle relaxes, testes hang low and farther apart in an effort to keep them cooler.

Question 13

When cold → testes do what

Answer 13

testes lift up toward body cavity and pulled closer together to conserve temp

Question 14

pituitary gland makes this & necessary to produce sperm (spermatogenesis).

Answer 14

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Question 15

pituitary gland makes this and is necessary to continue process of spermatogenesis. (triggers testosterone production)

Answer 15

LH (Luteinizing hormone)

Question 16

hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis and development of male sex characteristics.

Answer 16

Testosterone

Question 17

produce & secrete androgens, mostly testosterone (target of hormone LH)

Answer 17

Interstitial cells

Question 18

where sperm cells are made (Cells lining the seminiferous tubules are target cells of FSH)

Answer 18

Seminiferous tubule

Question 19

cells that are the targets of the hormone FSH from anterior pituitary gland, these cells guard house, protect, guide and develop sperm cells. When FSH hit nurse cells, they will be stimulated to develop these sperm cells spermatogonia to spermatids.

Answer 19

Nurse cells

Question 20

will release hormone Inhibit protein hormone that tells hypothalamus to reduce FSH release.

Answer 20

Nurse cells

Question 21

an immature, not fully developed sperm set and form in the seminiferous tubules.

Answer 21

Spermatid

Question 22

What happens to unused sperm cells?

Answer 22

Macrophages come in, shred unused sperm cells up

Question 23

Formation of sperm cells that takes place in testes is called…

Answer 23

spermatogenesis (maturing from
spermatozoa to sperm cell)

Question 24

spermatid → sperm cell

Answer 24

Spermiogenesis

Question 25

process of sperm cell development, (male meiosis) happens in seminiferous tubules.

Answer 25

Spermatogenesis

Question 26

the maturation process of sperm, happen in the epididymis

Answer 26

Spermiogenesis

Question 27

Produces sperm cells as well as testosterone and inhibin

Answer 27

Testes

Question 28

Promotes sperm.cell maturation: stores sperm; moves sperm cells to ductus deferens

Answer 28

Epididymis

Question 29

Stores sperm; moves sperm to ejaculatory duct

Answer 29

Ductus deferens

Question 30

Transports sperm from ductus deferens into urethra

Answer 30

Ejaculatory duct

Question 31

Transports semen out of penis

Answer 31

Urethra

Question 32

Secretes alkaline fluid with nutrients, prostaglandins, and a coagulating enzyme that support sperm, enhance their motility. and maintain semen in the female reproductive tract after ejaculation

Answer 32

Seminal vesicle

Question 33

blocks the enzyme that breaks down the smooth muscle relaxer (cyclin GMP) • not an erection causing drug, but it is a drug that makes an erection easier to achieve or last longer • Should never take Viagra or other arterial relaxers along with vasodilators to control blood pressure or you will probably go into hypertensive death.

Answer 33

Viagra

Question 34

Explain how spermatogenesis is controlled by hormones

Answer 34

Hypothalamus secretes GRH to stimulate the secretions of FSH and LH in anterior pituitary gland. LH target interstitial cells and stimulate the release of testosterone and other androgens. FSH and testosterone stimulate nurse cells to promote spermatogenesis.

Question 35

Describe what occurs during male ejaculation

Answer 35

Vas deferens (tubes that store & transport semen from testes) contract to squeeze semen toward base of penis.

Question 36

60% total volume of semen •Fructose Prostaglandins Clotting factors •Secretes alkaline fluid with nutrients, prostaglandins, enhance their motility, (Start them swimming)

Answer 36

Seminal vesicles

Question 37

30% of semen total volume Secretes slightly alkaline fluid function as an anticoagulant: also has immunological functions

Answer 37

Prostate gland

Question 38

Prostate gland releases antibiotic called

Answer 38

Seminal plasmin) to protect sperm cells

Question 39

5% total semen volume Secretes mucus to lubricate glans penis and neutralize acidic traces of urine in urethra Pre-ejaculatory fluid

Answer 39

Bulbourothral gland

Question 40

Encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes

Answer 40

Scrotum

Question 41

Moves urine and semen out of body: inserts into vagina during intercourse to deposit semen

Answer 41

Penis

Question 42

Explain how the scrotum and the descent of the testes aid in sperm cell formation

Answer 42

Scrotum (bag of skin that holds/protects testes). Outside of body to help lower temperature to help regulate sperm production. Testes (where sperm is made and produces hormone testosterone. Testes form in abdominal cavity adjacent to kidneys, but must descend into scrotum for normal spermatogenesis to take place

Question 43

Process of erection in human males.

Answer 43

• Blood vessels of Corpora Cavernosa relax (arteries relax and open up letting more blood flow in, at the same time veins close up). Once blood is in penis pressure traps it within corpora caverosa. Your penis expands and holds erection. When inflow of blood stops the veins open causing your penis to become soft.

Question 44

Primary sex characteristics are →

Answer 44

Gonads, tested and ovaries

Question 45

Secondary sex characteristics are→

Answer 45

not gonads, facial hair in men, pelvic differences, breast production, breast activation.

Question 46

type of cell division that produces gametes

Answer 46

Meiosis