Blood, Lymphatic System Flashcards
Diapedesis is
Movement of WBC through capillary wall into surrounding tissues
Chemotaxis is
Movement of WBC in response to chemical. Positive chemotaxis move towards, negative chemotaxis move away.
Granulocytes are
WBC’s that contain cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytes are
WBC’s lacking cytoplasmic granules (remember the prefix “A” means without
Polymorphonuclear are
Is a cell that has a nucleus with two or more lobes
Four characteristic of circulating WBC’s
1: can migrate out of bloodstream (diapedesis)
2: have amoeboid movement
3: attract to chemical stimuli (positive chemotaxis)
4: some are phagocytic (neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes)
Hematocrit
Percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes
What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis
Kidney
The kidneys produce what
Erythropoietin
What organ is responsible for erythrocyte destruction?
Spleen
Which of the following organ produce most of the plasma proteins?
Liver
Which leukocyte is the least common and functions to mediate inflammation?
Basophil
Plasma is
Pale-yellow liquid consisting mostly of water, which accounts for about 90% of its volume.
-amount of water in plasma determines thickness, or viscosity of blood
Hematopoiesis is
-occurs in
Process that produces formed elements in blood.
- red bone marrow
What cells are categorized as agranulocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes
-both lack visible cytoplasmic granules, they do contain lysosomes)
As erythroblasts mature during process of erythropoiesis, their nuclei shrink and are eventually ejected from the cells, at which point they are called ….
Reticulocytes
Erythropoiesis occurs in
Red bone marrow
Most common to least in leukocytes
1: neutrophils- most common in healthy adult, make up 60% of total leukocytes in blood
2:lymphocytes- 30-40% of total leukocytes in blood
3: eosinophils- relatively rare, 3% of total leukocytes in blood
4: basophils- lest common make up less than 1% of total leukocytes in blood
Which leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that stain red and bilobed nuclei
Eosinophils
Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies
Lymphocyte
What are the two types of lymphocytes
-B lymphocyte
-T lymphocytes
Activated B lymphocytes do what
Secrete antibodies that bind to individual antigens
Activated T lymphocytes do what
Directly destroy cancer or virally infected cells and activate other parts of the immune system
Neutrophils are
Active phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells
Eosinophils are
Involved in bodies response to infection with parasitic worms and in allergic reactions
Macrophages do what
Ingest dead and dying cells( such as old erythrocytes or other damaged from trauma) , bacteria, antigens and other cellular debris
What is the functional consequence of vascular spasms during hemostasis
Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss
What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation
Vitamin K
Carbohydrate groups on the surface of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as
Antigens
What clotting disorder results from an inadequate amount of the Christmas factor (IX)
Hemophilia B
What event initiates the intrinsic or contact pathway of coagulation
Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers
Exogenous antigens
Include toxins and other components of microbial cell walls, membranes, flagella and pili
Endogenous antigens
Produced by microbes that reproduce inside a body’s cells
Autoantigens
Derived from normal cellular processes
Epitopes are
Parts of an antigen that are recognized by B and T cells
T cells
Produced in
-mature in
-defend against
-produced in bone marrow
-mature in thymus
-defend against abnormal cells and pathogens inside cells
B cells
-produced and mature In
-function is
-defend against-
-produce and mature in bone marrow
-function is humoral/antibody immunity
-defend against-antigens and pathogens in body fluids
B cells and T cells have 1,000s of receptors in their surface that recognize only one epitope ….
Monospecific
Both cellular and humoral branches can be described as going through four general stages
1: antigen presentation
2: lymphocyte activation
3: lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation
4: antigen elimination and memory
Cells derived from monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen presenting cells are called _________
macrophages
The cells that phagocytize foreign antigens, process them and insert them on their cell along with MHC II proteins are called ________________ cells
antigen presenting
Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cells, more specifically they are a type of _______________
lymphocyte
