Cardio path3

Question 1

HTN definition

Answer 1

140/90

Question 2

HTN risk factors

Answer 2

Age,
Obesity,
diabetes
smoking
genetics
black>white>asian

Question 3

HTN features

Answer 3

90% is 1’ and related to high CO or high TPR;
remaining 10% mostly 2/2 renal disease.

Malignant HTN is severe >180/120 and rapidly progressing.

Question 4

HTN predisposes to

Answer 4

Atherosclerosis,
LVH,
Stroke,
CHF,
Renal failure,
Retinopathy
Aortic dissection

Question 5

Hyperlipidemia signs

Answer 5

1) atheromas: in blood vessels
2) xanthomas: lipid laden histiocytes in the skin
3) tendinous xanthomas: lipid deposit in tendon
4) corneal arcus: lipid deposit in cornea, non specific

Question 6

Arteriosclerosis: types

Answer 6

1) Monckeberg
2) Arteriolosclerosis
3) Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Arteriosclerosis:

Monckeberg

Answer 7

Calcification in the media of the arteries; 
especially radial or ulnar.
Usually benign
Pipestem arteries
Does not obstruct blood flow
Initima NOT involved.

Question 8

Arteriosclerosis:

Arteriolosclerosis

Answer 8

Two types
1) hyalin (thickening of small arteries in essential HTN or DM)

2) hyperplastic (onion skinning) in malignant HTN

Question 9

Arteriosclerosis:

Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Fibrous plagues and atheromas form in intima of arteries.