Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which of the following hormones promotes gluconeogenesis?
a. Growth hormone
b. Hydrocortisone
c. Insulin
d. Thyroxine

Answer 1

b. Hydrocortisone

Question 2

Glucose oxidase oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid and
a. H2O2
b. CO2
c. HCO3
d. H2O

Answer 2

a. H2O2

Question 3

From glucose and ATP, hexokinase catalyzes the formation of
a. Acetyl-CoA
b. Fructose-6-phosphate
c. Glucose-6-phosphate
d. Lactose

Answer 3

c. Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 4

What is the preferred specimen for glucose analysis?
a. EDTA plasma
b. Fluoride oxalate plasma
c. Heparinized plasma
d. Serum

Answer 4

b. Fluoride oxalate plasma

Question 5

Hyperglycemic factor produced by the pancreas is
a. Epinephrine
b. Glucagon
c. Insulin
d. Growth hormone

Answer 5

b. Glucagon

Question 6

Polarographic methods of glucose assay are based on which principle?
a. Nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose
b. Rate of oxygen depletion measured
c. Chemiluminescence caused by the formation of ATP
d. Change in electrical potential as glucose is oxidized

Answer 6

d. Change in electrical potential as glucose is oxidized

Question 7

Select the enzyme that is most specific for β-D- glucose:
a. Glucose oxidase
b. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
c. Hexokinase
d. Phosphohexose isomerase

Answer 7

a. Glucose oxidase

Question 8

Select the coupling enzyme used in the hexokinase method for glucose:
a. Glucose dehydrogenase
b. Glucose-6-phosphatase
c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
d. Peroxidase

Answer 8

c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 9

All of the following are characteristic of von Gierke disease EXCEPT
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hypolipidemia
c. Increased plasma lactate
d. Subnormal response to epinephrine

Answer 9

b. Hypolipidemia

Question 10

The preferred screening test for diabetes in nonpregnant adults is
measurement of
a. Fasting plasma glucose
b. 2 hour postprandial
c. Glycohemoglobin
d. No one test is preferred over another for diagnosis

Answer 10

a. Fasting plasma glucose

Question 11

Following the 2015 ADA guidelines, the times of measurement for plasma
glucose levels during an OGTT in nonpregnant patients are
a. Fasting, 1 hour, and 2 hours
b. Fasting and 60 minutes
c. 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes
d. Fasting and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes

Answer 11

a. Fasting, 1 hour, and 2 hours

Question 12

Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine via nitroprusside reagents
provides a semiquantitative measure of
a. Acetoacetate
b. 3-β-Hydroxybutyrate
c. Acetone
d. All three ketone bodies

Answer 12

a. Acetoacetate

Question 13

A factor, other than average plasma glucose values, that can affect the HbA1c
level is
a. Serum ketone bodies level
b. Red blood cell life span
c. Ascorbic acid intake
d. Increased triglyceride levels

Answer 13

b. Red blood cell life span

Question 14

. Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine is
a. Considered essential on a daily basis for all diabetic patients
b. A reliable method of assessing long-term glycemic control
c. Recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes on sick days
d. Not recommended by the ADA

Answer 14

c. Recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes on sick days

Question 15

A urinalysis identifies a positive result for reducing sugars, yet the test for
glucose (glucose oxidase reaction) was negative on the dipstick. What do
these results suggest?
a. This is commonly observed with ascorbic acid interference.
b. This may suggest the patient has a deficiency in galactose-1-phosphate
uridyltransferase.
c. This may suggest a pancreatic beta-cell tumor.
d. This may suggest a deficiency in glycogen debrancher enzyme.
e. It is not possible to obtain these results and there is an analytic error in
testing

Answer 15

b. This may suggest the patient has a deficiency in galactose-1-phosphate
uridyltransferase.

Question 16

. Urinalysis of a diabetic patient identified the following:
Year 1: Urine albumin was 15 mg/g creatinine.
Year 2: Urine albumin was 25 mg/g creatinine.
Year 3: Urine albumin was 40 mg/g creatinine.
What do these clinical data suggest?
a. These levels of albumin in the urine are normal, and no follow-up is
necessary.
b. These levels of albumin in the urine suggest that kidney function is compromised.
c. As these values of urinary albumin are not greater than 300 mg/g
creatinine, the patient is not likely to have compromised kidney
function.
d. An additional urinary albumin test is required in 3 to 6 months to
verify diminishing kidney function.

Answer 16

d. An additional urinary albumin test is required in 3 to 6 months to
verify diminishing kidney function.