Carbohydrates Flashcards
Which of the following hormones promotes gluconeogenesis?
a. Growth hormone
b. Hydrocortisone
c. Insulin
d. Thyroxine
b. Hydrocortisone
Glucose oxidase oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid and
a. H2O2
b. CO2
c. HCO3
d. H2O
a. H2O2
From glucose and ATP, hexokinase catalyzes the formation of
a. Acetyl-CoA
b. Fructose-6-phosphate
c. Glucose-6-phosphate
d. Lactose
c. Glucose-6-phosphate
What is the preferred specimen for glucose analysis?
a. EDTA plasma
b. Fluoride oxalate plasma
c. Heparinized plasma
d. Serum
b. Fluoride oxalate plasma
Hyperglycemic factor produced by the pancreas is
a. Epinephrine
b. Glucagon
c. Insulin
d. Growth hormone
b. Glucagon
Polarographic methods of glucose assay are based on which principle?
a. Nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose
b. Rate of oxygen depletion measured
c. Chemiluminescence caused by the formation of ATP
d. Change in electrical potential as glucose is oxidized
d. Change in electrical potential as glucose is oxidized
Select the enzyme that is most specific for β-D- glucose:
a. Glucose oxidase
b. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
c. Hexokinase
d. Phosphohexose isomerase
a. Glucose oxidase
Select the coupling enzyme used in the hexokinase method for glucose:
a. Glucose dehydrogenase
b. Glucose-6-phosphatase
c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
d. Peroxidase
c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
All of the following are characteristic of von Gierke disease EXCEPT
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hypolipidemia
c. Increased plasma lactate
d. Subnormal response to epinephrine
b. Hypolipidemia
The preferred screening test for diabetes in nonpregnant adults is
measurement of
a. Fasting plasma glucose
b. 2 hour postprandial
c. Glycohemoglobin
d. No one test is preferred over another for diagnosis
a. Fasting plasma glucose
Following the 2015 ADA guidelines, the times of measurement for plasma
glucose levels during an OGTT in nonpregnant patients are
a. Fasting, 1 hour, and 2 hours
b. Fasting and 60 minutes
c. 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes
d. Fasting and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes
a. Fasting, 1 hour, and 2 hours
Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine via nitroprusside reagents
provides a semiquantitative measure of
a. Acetoacetate
b. 3-β-Hydroxybutyrate
c. Acetone
d. All three ketone bodies
a. Acetoacetate
A factor, other than average plasma glucose values, that can affect the HbA1c
level is
a. Serum ketone bodies level
b. Red blood cell life span
c. Ascorbic acid intake
d. Increased triglyceride levels
b. Red blood cell life span
. Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine is
a. Considered essential on a daily basis for all diabetic patients
b. A reliable method of assessing long-term glycemic control
c. Recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes on sick days
d. Not recommended by the ADA
c. Recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes on sick days
A urinalysis identifies a positive result for reducing sugars, yet the test for
glucose (glucose oxidase reaction) was negative on the dipstick. What do
these results suggest?
a. This is commonly observed with ascorbic acid interference.
b. This may suggest the patient has a deficiency in galactose-1-phosphate
uridyltransferase.
c. This may suggest a pancreatic beta-cell tumor.
d. This may suggest a deficiency in glycogen debrancher enzyme.
e. It is not possible to obtain these results and there is an analytic error in
testing
b. This may suggest the patient has a deficiency in galactose-1-phosphate
uridyltransferase.
. Urinalysis of a diabetic patient identified the following:
Year 1: Urine albumin was 15 mg/g creatinine.
Year 2: Urine albumin was 25 mg/g creatinine.
Year 3: Urine albumin was 40 mg/g creatinine.
What do these clinical data suggest?
a. These levels of albumin in the urine are normal, and no follow-up is
necessary.
b. These levels of albumin in the urine suggest that kidney function is compromised.
c. As these values of urinary albumin are not greater than 300 mg/g
creatinine, the patient is not likely to have compromised kidney
function.
d. An additional urinary albumin test is required in 3 to 6 months to
verify diminishing kidney function.
d. An additional urinary albumin test is required in 3 to 6 months to
verify diminishing kidney function.
