Amino Acids and Proteins Flashcards
Which of the following acute-phase reactant proteins decreases during
inflammation?
a. Transferrin
b. α1
-Antitrypsin
c. Haptoglobin
d. Fibrinogen
a. Transferrin
Which of the following refers to the three-dimensional spatial configuration of
a single polypeptide chain determined by disulfide linkages, hydrogen
bonds, electrostatic attractions, and van der Waals forces?
a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure
c. Tertiary structure
d. Quaternary structure
c. Tertiary structure
Which of the following plasma proteins is primarily responsible for
maintaining in vivo colloidal osmotic pressure?
a. Albumin
b. Hemoglobin
c. Fibrinogen
d. α2-Macroglobulin
a. Albumin
Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?
a. An amino group and carboxyl group bonded to an alpha-carbon
b. A double carbon bond between the alpha-carbons of two amino acids
c. An amino group bonded to a carboxyl group of another amino acid
d. Two carboxyl groups bonded to the alpha-carbon of an amino acid
c. An amino group bonded to a carboxyl group of another amino acid
Which of the following results would correlate best with malnutrition and a
poor protein–caloric status?
a. Decreased prealbumin
b. Decreased γ-globulins
c. Elevated ceruloplasmin
d. Elevated α1-fetoprotein
a. Decreased prealbumin
Which of the following conditions would correlate best with a normal level of
myoglobin?
a. Multiple myeloma
b. Acute myocardial infarction
c. Acute renal failure
d. Skeletal muscle injury
a. Multiple myeloma
An immunofixation protein electrophoresis is performed on serum from a
patient with the most common type of multiple myeloma. The resulting
pattern would most likely reveal which of the following?
a. An IgG monoclonal band
b. Oligoclonal bands
c. Significant β–γ bridging
d. An IgM monoclonal band
a. An IgG monoclonal band
Which of the following would indicate a plasma specimen was used for
protein electrophoresis instead of serum?
a. A small peak between the β- and γ-globulins
b. A broad increase in the γ-globulin fraction
c. A bridge between the α1- and α2-globulins
d. A significantly decreased albumin peak
d. A significantly decreased albumin peak
Which of the following conditions would correlate best with the serum
proteink electrophoresis results below?
albumin: decreased
α1-globulins: increased
α2-globulins: increased
β-globulins: normal
γ-globulins: normal
a. Acute inflammation
b. Chronic liver cirrhosis
c. Nephrotic syndrome
d. Monoclonal gammopathy
a. Acute inflammation
Which of the following conditions would correlate best with the presence of
distinct oligoclonal bands in the γ-zone on CSF protein electrophoresis?
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Multiple myeloma
c. Bacterial meningitis
d. Myoglobinemia
a. Multiple sclerosis
When a protein is dissolved in a buffer solution that is more alkaline than its
pI and an electric current is passed through the solution, the protein will act
as:
a. An anion and migrate to the anode
b. A cation and migrate to the cathode
c. An anion and migrate to the cathode
d. An uncharged particle and will not move
a. An anion and migrate to the anode
Which of the following conditions would correlate best with an elevated
serum total protein with high levels of both albumin and globulins?
a. Dehydration
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Liver cirrhosis
a. Dehydration
Which of the following urine total protein results would correlate best with a
patient with nephrotic syndrome?
a. Normal
b. Lower than normal
c. Higher than normal
d. Similar to levels in CSF total protein levels
c. Higher than normal
Isoelectric focusing is used to phenotype α1
-antitrypsin deficiencies. When
protein is electrophoresed, it migrates to which of the following?
a. The site where the pH is the same as its pI.
b. The site where the mass of the protein correlates with the pI.
c. The site where the protein’s net charge exceeds the pI.
d. The site where the protein’s net charge is less than the pI.
a. The site where the pH is the same as its pI.
A CSF–serum albumin ratio of 9.8 was reported. How is this best interpreted?
a. This ratio is in the normal range for the patient.
b. The blood–brain barrier may be compromised.
c. It is biologically impossible to achieve this value.
d. This is diagnostic of fungal meningitis.
a. This ratio is in the normal range for the patient.
