Cancer Genes

Question 1

Which genes in CML??

Answer 1

Philadelphia chromosome

Question 2

Philadelphia chromosome translocation of which ones?

Answer 2

T22;9 Bcr-Abl

Question 3

how to treat CML?

Answer 3

imatinib (Gleevec)

Question 4

CLL what what protein overexpressed?

Answer 4

bcl-2, stops role in apoptosis

Question 5

what causes the Bcl-2 to be over expressed in CLL?

Answer 5

loss of miRNA15a/16-1

Question 6

how to treat CLL?

Answer 6

BH3-only mimetic

ABT-199

Question 7

Burkitt’s lymphoma has overexpression of which transcription factor?

Answer 7

Myc

Question 8

Burkitt’s lymphoma has which translocations?

Answer 8

T18;14

Question 9

Burkitt’s lymphoma possible cause?

Answer 9

EBV/chronic inflammation

Question 10

in order for Myc to proceed from G1 to S, you need?

Answer 10

cylins eg. cyclinD

Question 11

if something is wrong with cell DNA and it’s trying to get from G1 to S, what happens?

Answer 11

p53 will intervene by either:

1. Repairing
2. inhibit growth/apoptosis

Question 12

evading growth inhibitory signals from p53 happens in which lymphoma?

Answer 12

Burkitt’s lymphoma (Myc)

Question 13

Autonomous growth signalling happens in which leukemias?

Answer 13

CML (Bcr-Abl)

ALL

Question 14

evasion of apoptosis is hallmark in which cancer?

Answer 14

CLL

Question 15

how would a virus like HPV and EBV cause cancer?

Answer 15

HPV: E6/7 can block p53
EBV: chronic inflamm promotes translocations via hypermutation in B-cells

Question 16

myeloid neoplasms arise from?

Answer 16

hemopoietic progenitor cells

Question 17

where do myeloid neoplasms usually occur?

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

what is a myeloproliferative disorder? example?

Answer 18

CML

it’s a production in a few categories of mature cells

Question 19

myelodysplastic syndrome is what?

Answer 19

disorderly proliferation in bone marrow»lack of mature cells in blood

Question 20

what cells in acute myeloid leukemias?

Answer 20

too many immature blasts in bone marrow

Question 21

what is a lymphocytic leukemia? eg of a cancer?

Answer 21

CLL

there are solid tissue neoplasms, involved in bone marrow and blood

Question 22

majority of lymphoid neoplasms are of which cell origin?

Answer 22

B-cells (85-90%)

can be T or NK cells

Question 23

what is natural history of CML chronic myeloid leukemia?

Answer 23

slow progression
median survival of 3 years
accelerated phase
Blast crisis (thought ro originate from a pluripotent stem cell)