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Jason's Intersystem Block > Blood 2 > Flashcards

Blood 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Global white cell deficiency called?

A

leukopenia

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2
Q

not enough platelets?

A

thrombocytopenia

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3
Q

not enough neutrophils or lymphocytes?

A

neutropenia

lymphopenia

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4
Q

not enough red cells?

A

anaemia

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5
Q

too much platlets?

A

thrombocytosis

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6
Q

what does dyserythropoiesis?

A

red cells not functioning properly

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7
Q

too much white cells?

A

leukocytosis

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8
Q

what do measure to judge Anaemia?

A

Hb rather than RBC count

level is age and gender matched

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9
Q

too much white cells?

A

leukocytosis

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10
Q

what is the tissue O2 delivery equation we must know?

A

COx Hb x %Satn x 1.34

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11
Q

3 things you use to resuscitate O2 delivery problems?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Inotropes
  3. Oxygen
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12
Q

Cardiac output compensation in anemia depends on?

A

time

slower onset = better compensation

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13
Q

6 signs of anaemia

A
  1. pale
  2. lethargic
  3. failure to thrive
  4. hypoxic
  5. ischaemic
  6. tachycardic
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14
Q

3 causes of anaemia?

A
  1. failure in production
  2. more destruction
  3. inappropriate production
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15
Q

what is a hypochromic red cell?

A

low Hb

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16
Q

what is polychromasia?

A

RBC contains RNA: pushed out of the bone marrow too early

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17
Q

2 levels of anaemia classification?

A
  1. Regen/Aregen

2. Mirco, normo, macrocytic

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18
Q

what are 2 signs of the blood of increased production?

A
  1. reticulocytes

2. polychromasia

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19
Q

what are 3. signs of increased destruction?

A
  1. jaundice
  2. haptoglobins
  3. LDH
20
Q

2 kinds of blood loss?

A

overt (can see)

covert (hidden in a cavity or organ?)

21
Q

2 main causes of haemolysis or red cells?

A

Internal factors

External factors

22
Q

3 INTERNAL structures affecting haemolysis of red cells

A
  1. membrane
  2. enzyme
  3. Hb
23
Q

Ddx of Hb internal structure affecting haemolysis of red cells?

A

Thalassemia

Sickle Cell

24
Q

Ddx of membrane internal structure affecting haemolysis of red cells?

A

hereditary spherocytosis

25
Q

Ddx of Enzyme internal structure affecting haemolysis of red cells?

A

G6PD

26
Q

3 EXTERNAL structures affecting haemolysis of red cells

A
  1. Immune mediated
  2. mechanical
  3. infection
27
Q

Ddx of infection external affecting haemolysis of red cells?

A

malaria via plasmodium parasite

28
Q

Ddx of mechanical external affecting haemolysis of red cells?

A

sepsis

hardware

29
Q

Ddx of immune external affecting haemolysis of red cells?

A

autoimmune, alloimmune (+ve agglutination tests)

30
Q

3 causes of failure of production RBCs

A
  1. haematinics
  2. marrow failure/suppression
  3. marrow invasion
31
Q

2 conditions caused by haematinic deficiency:

A

Microcytic: diet, iron deficiency/blood loss
Macrocytic: B12/Folate deficiency

32
Q

when to use aspirate vs. trephine?

A

aspirate: leukaemia
trephine: solid tumour to see architecture

33
Q

ABO located on which chromosome?

A

19

34
Q

blood groups of different systems can be 4 things:

A
  1. proteins
  2. glycolipids
  3. oligosaccharides
  4. combos
35
Q

Rh factor natural immunity?

A

Nope. need exposure

36
Q

ABO groups natural immunity?

A

Yep. Don’t need pre-exposure

37
Q

what do ABO genes add to H-substance?

A

sugars that convert H-antigen to either A or B or combo or none

38
Q

what are genotypes of Rh positive?

A

DD, Dd

39
Q

Rh negative genotype?

A

dd

40
Q

Rh gene on which chromosome?

A

1

41
Q

Someone with blood group A needs plasma: what are their options?

A

Plasma from A, AB

42
Q

Plasma universal donor?

A

AB

43
Q

Plasma universal acceptor?

A

O

44
Q

Someone with blood type AB needs plasma, what are their options?

A

only from someone who was AB

45
Q

Someone with blood type O needs plasma, what are their options?

A

A,B,AB, O people who donated plasma

46
Q

Someone with blood type B needs plasma, what are their options?

A

B, AB

47
Q

Rh -ve mom has Rh+ve baby, what to do?

A

Give mom Anti-D so it mops up any Rh antibodies to protect against future pregs

Jason's Intersystem Block (19 decks)

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