Blood 2

Question 1

Global white cell deficiency called?

Answer 1

leukopenia

Question 2

not enough platelets?

Answer 2

thrombocytopenia

Question 3

not enough neutrophils or lymphocytes?

Answer 3

neutropenia

lymphopenia

Question 4

not enough red cells?

Answer 4

anaemia

Question 5

too much platlets?

Answer 5

thrombocytosis

Question 6

what does dyserythropoiesis?

Answer 6

red cells not functioning properly

Question 7

too much white cells?

Answer 7

leukocytosis

Question 8

what do measure to judge Anaemia?

Answer 8

Hb rather than RBC count

level is age and gender matched

Question 9

too much white cells?

Answer 9

leukocytosis

Question 10

what is the tissue O2 delivery equation we must know?

Answer 10

COx Hb x %Satn x 1.34

Question 11

3 things you use to resuscitate O2 delivery problems?

Answer 11

1. Blood
2. Inotropes
3. Oxygen

Question 12

Cardiac output compensation in anemia depends on?

Answer 12

time

slower onset = better compensation

Question 13

6 signs of anaemia

Answer 13

1. pale
2. lethargic
3. failure to thrive
4. hypoxic
5. ischaemic
6. tachycardic

Question 14

3 causes of anaemia?

Answer 14

1. failure in production
2. more destruction
3. inappropriate production

Question 15

what is a hypochromic red cell?

Answer 15

low Hb

Question 16

what is polychromasia?

Answer 16

RBC contains RNA: pushed out of the bone marrow too early

Question 17

2 levels of anaemia classification?

Answer 17

1. Regen/Aregen

2. Mirco, normo, macrocytic

Question 18

what are 2 signs of the blood of increased production?

Answer 18

1. reticulocytes

2. polychromasia

Question 19

what are 3. signs of increased destruction?

Answer 19

1. jaundice
2. haptoglobins
3. LDH

Question 20

2 kinds of blood loss?

Answer 20

overt (can see)

covert (hidden in a cavity or organ?)

Question 21

2 main causes of haemolysis or red cells?

Answer 21

Internal factors

External factors

Question 22

3 INTERNAL structures affecting haemolysis of red cells

Answer 22

1. membrane
2. enzyme
3. Hb

Question 23

Ddx of Hb internal structure affecting haemolysis of red cells?

Answer 23

Thalassemia

Sickle Cell

Question 24

Ddx of membrane internal structure affecting haemolysis of red cells?

Answer 24

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 25

Ddx of Enzyme internal structure affecting haemolysis of red cells?

Answer 25

G6PD

Question 26

3 EXTERNAL structures affecting haemolysis of red cells

Answer 26

1. Immune mediated 2. mechanical 3. infection

Question 27

Ddx of infection external affecting haemolysis of red cells?

Answer 27

malaria via plasmodium parasite

Question 28

Ddx of mechanical external affecting haemolysis of red cells?

Answer 28

sepsis | hardware

Question 29

Ddx of immune external affecting haemolysis of red cells?

Answer 29

autoimmune, alloimmune (+ve agglutination tests)

Question 30

3 causes of failure of production RBCs

Answer 30

1. haematinics 2. marrow failure/suppression 3. marrow invasion

Question 31

2 conditions caused by haematinic deficiency:

Answer 31

Microcytic: diet, iron deficiency/blood loss Macrocytic: B12/Folate deficiency

Question 32

when to use aspirate vs. trephine?

Answer 32

aspirate: leukaemia trephine: solid tumour to see architecture

Question 33

ABO located on which chromosome?

Answer 33

19

Question 34

blood groups of different systems can be 4 things:

Answer 34

1. proteins 2. glycolipids 3. oligosaccharides 4. combos

Question 35

Rh factor natural immunity?

Answer 35

Nope. need exposure

Question 36

ABO groups natural immunity?

Answer 36

Yep. Don't need pre-exposure

Question 37

what do ABO genes add to H-substance?

Answer 37

sugars that convert H-antigen to either A or B or combo or none

Question 38

what are genotypes of Rh positive?

Answer 38

DD, Dd

Question 39

Rh negative genotype?

Answer 39

dd

Question 40

Rh gene on which chromosome?

Answer 40

1

Question 41

Someone with blood group A needs plasma: what are their options?

Answer 41

Plasma from A, AB

Question 42

Plasma universal donor?

Answer 42

AB

Question 43

Plasma universal acceptor?

Answer 43

O

Question 44

Someone with blood type AB needs plasma, what are their options?

Answer 44

only from someone who was AB

Question 45

Someone with blood type O needs plasma, what are their options?

Answer 45

A,B,AB, O people who donated plasma

Question 46

Someone with blood type B needs plasma, what are their options?

Answer 46

B, AB

Question 47

Rh -ve mom has Rh+ve baby, what to do?

Answer 47

Give mom Anti-D so it mops up any Rh antibodies to protect against future pregs