Blood 1 Flashcards
how much platelets?
150-400 x 10^9/litre
How much red cells?
3-5 x 10^12/litre
how many RBCs?
2-6 x 10^9/litre
replace platelets every?
10 days
replace WBCs every?
3-5 days
replace RBCs every?
120 days
haemopoiesis site at:
- first few weeks of life:
- 6-weeks to 7 months of gestation:
- 7-months - life:
- first few weeks of life: yolk sac
- 6-weeks to 7 months of gestation: liver and spleen
- 7-months - life: bone marrow
50% of marrow consists of?
fat spaces
best place to get marrow in adults usually?
pelvis
pluripotent stem cells give rise to what else besides myeloid?
lymphocytes
osteoclasts
where do you find colony forming units? CFUs?
mixed myeloid progenitor cells, not the mature ones and not the lymphoid stem cells
What’s bone marrow stroma for?
specific micro-environment for bone marrow to grow
when does bone marrow release cells into circulation? how is the latter relationship?
- adhesion molecules release at certain times
2. bone marrow and blood circulation are continuous
2 parts to stroma:
cells: macros, fibroblasts, fat
extra cellular matrix
haemopoietic growth factors made of what kind of hormones?
glycoprotein
where are haemopoietic growth factors affecting? 2 places
local
circulating action
how are haemopoietic growth factor effects mediated?
through different receptors on the CFUs
GM-CSF growth factor effect on early vs. late cell receptors?
early: divides
late cells: activation of phagocytosis
haemopoietic growth factors mediated by receptors where?
surface receptors with second messengers
3 important haematinics
iron
B12
Folate
3 things needed for haemoglobin production:
alpha chains
beta chains
iron
red cells made of 3 things
membranes
haemoglobin
enzymes
iron deficiency from 2 causes?
diet
blood loss
iron deficiency and behaviour?
PICA
B12 essential especially for?
rapidly producing/dividing cells
Folate from what source?
green leafy vegs
what drugs messes with folate?
methotrexate
what population does not get enough folate?
alcoholics
babies only fed on goat’s milk
