Campbell Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an amphipathic molecule

A

molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

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2
Q

Most membrane proteins and membrane Lipids are _______

A

Amphipathic

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3
Q

How are proteins distributed in the membrane

A

They form groups of protein that act as long lasting patches

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4
Q

What interactions hold a membrane together

A

Hydrophobic interactions

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5
Q

Are membranes Stagnant or Fluid

A

Fluid

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6
Q

What 2 proteins are found in the membrane

A

integral proteins and peripheral proteins.

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7
Q

What are Integral Proteins

A

proteins that are permanently embedded in the cell membrane.

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8
Q

What are Peripheral Proteins

A

proteins that are attached to the surface of a cell or mitochondrial membrane, but are not embedded in it

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9
Q

What are glycolipids

A

Lipids that have Carbohydrates covalently bonded

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10
Q

What is a selective permeability of the membrane

A

the membrane allows some substances to cross more easily than others.

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11
Q

What are transport proteins

A

Transport Proteins are proteins that span the cell membrane, letting in hydrophilic substances without touching the hydrophobic interior of the membrane

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12
Q

What are Aquaporins

A

Transport Protein that let water molecules into a cell

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13
Q

Polar molecules are hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophilic

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14
Q

nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic

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15
Q

What is Diffusion

A

the movement of particles of any substance so that they spread out into the available space

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16
Q

How is diffusion ruled

A

In the absence of any other forces, a substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated.

17
Q

Does diffusion need energy

18
Q

What is the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane called

A

Passive transport

19
Q

What is Osmosis

A

The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane, whether artificial or cellular

20
Q

What is Tonicity

A

ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose
water

21
Q

If a cell without a cell wall, such as an animal cell, is immersed
in an environment that is isotonic(same tonicity) to the cell what happens

A

there will be no net movement of water across the plasma membrane

22
Q

What does being hypertonic mean

A

a solution has a higher concentration of solute and lower concentration of water

23
Q

What does being hypotonic mean

A

a solution has a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of water

24
Q

What is Osmoregulation

A

the control of solute concentrations and
water balance

25
How does a cell wall change the effect of a hypotonic solution on a cell
the cell wall helps maintain the cell’s water balance.
26
As water enters the cell, what happens
Cell Swells
27
What does it mean when a cell is "Turgid"
a cell is swollen and firm due to a high internal water pressure
28
What does it mean when a cell is "Flaccid"
a cell that has lost its rigidity and is soft and limp due to a loss of water
29
What is Plasmolysis in plants
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
30
What is facilitated diffusion
polar molecules and ions blocked by the lipid bilayer of the membrane diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins that span the membrane
31
What are the types of transport proteins in the cell membrane
channel proteins and carrier proteins.
32
What are Channel Proteins transport proteins
provide corridors that allow specific molecules or ions to cross the membrane
33
What are Carrier transport proteins
proteins that undergo a subtle change in shape that somehow translocates the solute-binding site across the membrane
34
What type of transport is facilitated diffusion
Passive Transport
35
What is Active Transport
pump a solute across a membrane against its gradient requires work; the cell must expend energy
36
Large molecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, generally don’t cross the membrane by diffusion or transport proteins. Instead what do they do
They leave or enter the membrane packed in vesicles
37
What is Exocytosis
cell secretes certain molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
38