Campbell Biology Chap 13

Question 1

What transmits genes from Parents to offspring

Answer 1

Gametes(Sperm and Egg cells)

Question 2

What is Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

single parent passing copies of its genes to offspring without gamete fusion.

Question 3

What is Mitosis

Answer 3

mitotic cell division for offspring production in Asexual Reproduction

Question 4

The genes from Parents to Offspring in Asexual Reproduction are usually

Answer 4

Offspring are typically genetically identical to the parent

Question 5

How is genetic variation created in Asexual reproduction

Answer 5

Mutations

Question 6

How many chromosomes in a body cell of a human

Answer 6

46

Question 7

What are Somatic Cells

Answer 7

Body cells

Question 8

Human Somatic cells have pairs of chromosomes where both chromosomes are what

Answer 8

homologous chromosomes, which are identical in size, centromere position, and staining pattern, which carry genes controlling the same inherited traits.

Question 9

What are diploid cells

Answer 9

Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).

Question 10

Are human cells diploid or haploid

Answer 10

Diploid

Question 11

What are Haploid cells

Answer 11

Cells that have a single set of chromosomes

Question 12

Are Gametes Diploid or Haploid

Answer 12

Haploid

Question 13

What does the fusion of the egg and sperm cell create

Answer 13

Zygote

Question 14

How are all Somatic Cells formed

Answer 14

They are formed from mitosis of the Zygote

Question 15

What is Meiosis

Answer 15

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid. Meiosis produces Gametes

Question 16

How does meiosis work

Answer 16

Meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes, forming 4 daughter cells each with half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 17

What happens in Prophase 1 Step of Meiosis

Answer 17

Chromosomes condense, Homologous chromosomes pair, Crossing over, Nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 18

What does Crossing over do in meiosis

Answer 18

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA, increasing genetic variation.

Question 19

What occurs when chromosomes condense in Meiosis

Answer 19

Chromatin fibers coil and become visible as distinct chromosomes.

Question 20

What happens in Metaphase 1 Step of Meiosis

Answer 20

Tetrads (pairs of homologous chromosomes) line up randomly along the equator of the cell. This random alignment contributes to genetic variation

Question 21

What are Tetrads

Answer 21

Pairs of Homologous Chromosomes

Question 22

What happens in Anaphase 1 Step of Meiosis

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) are pulled apart by spindle fibers towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 23

What occurs in Telophase I and Cytokinesis Step of Meiosis

Answer 23

Chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, New nuclear envelopes may form around each set of chromosomes, The cell divides, forming two haploid daughter cells.

Question 24

What steps of Meiosis are in Meiosis 1

Answer 24

Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1

Question 25

What happens in Prophase 2 of meiosis

Answer 25

Chromosomes condense again, The nuclear envelope disintegrates, Spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of each sister chromatid.

Question 26

What happens in Metaphase 2 of Meiosis

Answer 26

Individual chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) line up along the equator of the cell.

Question 27

What happens in Anaphase 2 of Meiosis

Answer 27

Sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart by spindle fibers towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 28

What happens in Telophase 2 of Meiosis

Answer 28

Chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, New nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes, The cells divide, resulting in four haploid daughter cells (gametes)

Question 29

Which Steps are Part of Meiosis 2

Answer 29

Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2