Campbell Biology Chap 1 Flashcards
What are the different types of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are the types of Prokaryotic Cell
Bacteria and Archaea
Difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelle
What Structure contains genetic information in a cell
Chromosomes
a chromosome contains
One very long DNA molecule with hundreds or thousands of genes
What is a DNA molecule made up of
2 long strands, or chains, arranged in a double helix.
What is one strand of the DNA molecule made up of
4 types of Nucleotides, abbreviated as A,T,C, and G
The Sequence of these nucleotides do what
Encode different information into our genes
For a lot of genes, what does the sequence of nucleotides do.
Blueprint for making a protein
Protein-encoding genes control the production of proteins by working through an intermediary molecule called
RNA
Describe Transcription
First step of the protein production sequence, where the sequence of Nucleotides is copied to produce a molecule called RNA.
Why does the cell have to create RNA
To transmit the Nucleotide sequence outside of the Nucleus
Describe Translation
Second step of the protein production sequence, where the RNA is transported to the Ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.
During Translation, Nucleotides are read in sets of
3
What is a set of 3 Nucleotides also called
A codon
During Translation, what is first thing produced by the ribosomes
The ribosome assembles amino acids in the order specified by the RNA and then linking them to form an amino acid chain.
Chain of Amino Acids is called
Polypeptide
A specific sequence of nucleotides in one organism will
code for the same proteins in another organism
What is a Genome
The complete set of DNA in an organism
Energy does what through an ecosystem
Goes through the ecosystem in one direction, usually entering as sunlight and exiting as heat
Chemicals do what in an ecosystem
Chemicals Cycle in an ecosystem
3 domains of life
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
