Campbell Biology Chap 14 Flashcards
What is true breeding
an organism that consistently passes on a specific phenotypic trait to its offspring, meaning that when self-fertilized or bred with another true-breeding organism with the same trait, all offspring will exhibit the same characteristic
What is hybridization in a breeding environment
mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding
varieties
What is the P generation in a breeding environment
The true breeding parents
What is the F1 Generation in a breeding environment
The offspring of the true breeding paents
What is the F2 generation in a breeding environment
The offspring of the F1 Generation
What was the blending hypothesis in the 1800s which turned out to be false
heredity of the plants would cause a mix of the two traits of the parents, resulting to a complete mix over time, for example a purple and a white flowered plant would have something intermediate in theory.
Traits can ______ generations
Skip
What are alleles
a variant form of a gene, or a different version of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome
In a pea plant, what are the different alleles for their flower color
Purple or White
how many alleles of a gene in a diploid organism
2
where are the alleles sourced in a diploid organism
One from each parent
Can alleles be the same
Yes
What is a genetic locus
the specific physical location on a chromosome where a particular gene is found
What is the Dominant allele
When a genetic locus has 2 different alleles, the dominant gene determines the appearance of the organism
What is the Recessive allele
When a genetic locus has 2 different alleles, the recessive gene has no noticeable effect determining appearance of the organism
What does the law of segregation state
during the production of gametes, two copies of each gene(alleles) segregate so that offspring receive one factor from each parent
What is a homozygote
Organism with identical alleles
What does an organism being homozygous mean
Organism inherited the same alleles from each biological parent
What are heterozygotes
Organism inherited different alleles from each biological parent
What is the phenotype of an organism
Observable traits
What is the Genotype of an organism
genetic make-up
What is the law of individual assortment
each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair of alleles
When does the law of individual assortment apply
when alleles are found on different chromosomes or genes that are far apart on the same chromosome
What is incomplete dominance of alleles
When there is not an allele that is completely dominant, it results in a mix of the traits in F1 generation
What is pleiotrophy
genes that influence multiple traits
What is epistasis
gene at one location affects the expression of a gene at another location
What is polygenic inheritance
multiple genes influence a single trait.
What is caused by polygenic inheritance
quantitative characters, which is wide variation of a trait
