Campbell Biology Chap 3 Flashcards
Water is formed of ________ bonds
Polar Covalent
When water is in its liquid form Hydrogen bonds are generally
weak, about 1/20 as strong as a covalent bond
at any instant, most of the water molecules are ________ to their neighbors
Hydrogen-Bonded
How does water regulate the air temperature
Water moderates air temperature by absorbing heat from air
that is warmer and releasing stored heat to air that is cooler.
Why is water a good heat bank
Water is effective as a heat bank because it can absorb or
release a relatively large amount of heat with only a slight
change in its own temperature
Anything that moves has ________
Kinetic energy
What is kinetic Energy
the energy an object possesses due to its motion
What is the difference between Thermal Energy and Temperature
temperature represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter, regardless of volume, whereas the thermal energy of a body of matter reflects the total kinetic energy, and thus depends on the matter’s volume
What is heat
Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
What is a calorie
the amount of heat it takes to raise
the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C
What is a kilocalorie
is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (kg) of water by 1°C
What is a Joule
Unit of energy where One joule equals 0.239 cal
What is specific heat
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost
for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1°C
What does hydrogen bonding result in in water
Adhesion, Cohesion, high specific heat, Surface Tension, less dense in solid form
What is heat of vaporization
the quantity of heat a liquid must
absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state
Describe Evaporite Cooling
As a liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that
remains behind cools down
Solvent
Dissolving agent in solution
Solute
Substance being dissolved in a solution
What is a solution
completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
A substance that is Hydrophilic is
a substance that can mix and interact with water
A substance that is hydrophobic is
a substance that repels water
What does a mol measure
amount of a substance containing a specific number of atoms
What is one mol equal to
Avogadro’s number(6.02 x 10^23)
How many daltons in a gram
6.02 x 10^23
What is an Acid
substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
What is a base
substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration
of a solution
What is a Hydroxide Ion
chemical compound with a negative charge, containing a single hydrogen and a single oxygen
What is a Hydronium Ion
positively charged ion formed when a water molecule (H2O) accepts a hydrogen ion (H+) from an acid
Product of Hydroxide and Hydronium concentrations is always what
10^-14
As pH goes down the liquid becomes more
Acidic
As pH goes up, liquid becomes more
Basic
What is a buffer
a substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution
Most buffers are
Acid-Base pairs in equilibrium
