Campbell Biology Chap 10

Question 1

Where does photosynthesis occur in plants

Answer 1

Chloroplasts

Question 2

Which cells are most chloroplasts contained within

Answer 2

mesophyll cells inside the leaf of the plant

Question 3

What is the Photo part of Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Light reaction

Question 4

What is the Synthesis part of Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Calvin Cycle

Question 5

What do light reactions produce

Answer 5

capture energy from sunlight, which they change to chemical energy that is stored in molecules of NADPH and ATP. The light reactions also release oxygen gas as a waste product.

Question 6

What do Calvin Cycle produce

Answer 6

uses the ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and synthesize sugars. 1

Question 7

What is Carbon Fixation

Answer 7

What is the process incorporating CO2 into existing organic molecules within the chloroplast and then reducing the fixed carbon to carbohydrates called

Question 8

Where do light reactions occur

Answer 8

Thylakoids

Question 9

Where does Calvin Cycle occur

Answer 9

Stroma

Question 10

When Light Interacts with matter, what happens

Answer 10

it can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed

Question 11

What are Pigments

Answer 11

substances that absorb visible light.

Question 12

Which colors drive photosynthesis most efficiently

Answer 12

Violet-blue and Red light

Question 13

What are the 3 different pigments found in a chloroplast

Answer 13

Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B, and Carotenoids

Question 14

Role of the Pigment Carotenoid in chloroplast

Answer 14

broaden the absorption spectrum and, more importantly, provide photoprotection

Question 15

What happens to a Pigment Molecule as photons get absorbed

Answer 15

Electron gets excited, producing heat

Question 16

First step of Light reaction

Answer 16

transfer of an electron from the reaction-center chlorophyll a pair to the primary electron acceptor, which is powered by light

Question 17

What is a photosystem

Answer 17

consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes. The reaction-center complex contains a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor.

Question 18

What is linear electron flow

Answer 18

light reactions of photosynthesis use light energy to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH through a flow of electrons

Question 19

What is the Purpose for light reactions

Answer 19

to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. These molecules then provide the energy and reducing power needed for the Calvin cycle to synthesize carbohydrates

Question 20

What process do Chloroplasts use to create ATP

Answer 20

Chemosis, same as mitochondria

Question 21

How is Chemosis used by Chloroplasts to create ATP

Answer 21

protons are pumped from the stroma into the thylakoid space, also creating a proton gradient

Question 22

Calvin Cycle doesnt directly produce glucose, what does it produce

Answer 22

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 23

How many cycles needed for 1 G3P molecule to form from Calvin Cycle

Answer 23

3 times

Question 24

What are the 3 steps in Calvin Cycle

Answer 24

Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of CO2 acceptor

Question 25

What happens in Carbon Fixation step of Calvin Cycle

Answer 25

each CO2 molecule is attached to a five-carbon sugar called ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). The resulting six-carbon molecule is unstable and immediately breaks down into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.

Question 26

What happens in reduction phase of Calvin Cycle

Answer 26

each 3-phosphoglycerate molecule is phosphorylated by ATP, forming 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 27

What happens in regeneration phase of Calvin Cycle

Answer 27

the carbon skeletons of the five remaining G3P molecules are rearranged into three molecules of RuBP, the initial CO2 acceptor. This process requires the expenditure of three more ATP molecules. Once RuBP is regenerated, the cycle can continue.

Question 28

What molecules are used to net 1 G3P molecule in the calvin cycle

Answer 28

nine ATP and six NADPH molecules, which are replenished by the light reactions.

Question 29

What is Photorespiration

Answer 29

O2 is added to the Calvin cycle, producing a two-carbon compound that is then processed in peroxisomes and mitochondria, releasing CO2. Photorespiration consumes ATP and produces no sugar, effectively reducing photosynthetic output and wasting energy.