C. 23 def-wor (Nat)

Question 1

king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and became a central figure of the movement for Italian unification.

Answer 1

Victor Emmanuel II

Question 2

forged the Kingdom of Italy, designed the constitutional structure of the unitary state and served as its first prime minister was the second son of an aristocratic Piedmontese family

Answer 2

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour

Question 3

an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy.

Answer 3

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 4

German customs union established in 1834 under Prussian leadership. It created a free-trade area throughout much of Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification.

Answer 4

Zollverein

Question 5

one of the most significant political figures of modern Germany. This stature derives from his contribution to the creation and shaping of the modern German state as Prussian minister president and imperial chancellor from 1862 to 1890.

Answer 5

Otto von Bismarck

Question 6

The peace treaty gave Prussia total dominance over the other German states, and within just a few years Germany was unified as one country, under Emperor Wilhelm I.

Answer 6

Austro-Prussian War

Question 7

the German parliament

Answer 7

The Reichstag

Question 8

a fierce conflict that took place from 1872 to 1878 between the Catholic Church led by Pope Pius IX and the government of Prussia led by Otto von Bismarck. The main issues were clerical control of education and ecclesiastical appointments

Answer 8

Kulturkampf

Question 9

fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Sardinia-Piedmont

Answer 9

Crimean War

Question 10

A massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905, triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy.

Answer 10

Bloody Sunday

Question 11

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Answer 11

Social Darwinism

Question 12

hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people

Answer 12

Anti-Semitism