C. 20 def-wor (IR) Flashcards
the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840
Industrial Revolution
a proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain the life of the worker. The theory was first named by Ferdinand Lassalle in the mid-nineteenth century.
Iron Law of Wages
prohibited any child under the age of 9 from working, limited the work week of children age 9 to 13 to 48 hours, and required them to attend school part-time. The law was aimed specifically at cotton mills.
Factory Acts
the set of beliefs that a person holds regarding their social class or economic rank in society, the structure of their class, and their class interests.
Class-Consciousness
an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act forbade women and girls of any age to work underground and introduced a minimum age of ten for boys employed in underground work.
The Mines Act or 1842
Known for his collaboration with Karl Marx, he helped define modern communism. He also is the co-author of The Communist Manifesto, an 1848 pamphlet regarded as one of the world’s most influential political documents
Friedrich Engels
a German philosopher during the 19th century. He worked primarily in the realm of political philosophy and was a famous advocate for communism. He cowrote The Communist Manifesto and was the author of Das Kapital, which together formed the basis of Marxism.
Karl Marx
His theory states that the supply of food cannot keep up with the growth of the human population, inevitably resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity. A noted statistician and proponent of political economy, He founded the Statistical Society of London.
Thomas Malthus
a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist and social reformer, and a founder of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement
Robert Owen
people violently opposed to technological change and the riots put down to the introduction of new machinery in the wool industry. They were protesting against changes they thought would make their lives much worse, changes that were part of a new market system.
The Luddites
