C. 14 wor-def (Ex.Am.)

Question 1

Circumnavigate

Answer 1

sail or travel all the way around

Question 2

Conquistador(s)

Answer 2

Spanish for “conqueror”; Spanish soldier-explorers, such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.

Question 3

Ptolemy’s Geography

Answer 3

A second-century-C.E. work that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of longitude and latitude. Reintroduced to Europeans about 1410 by Arab scholars, its ideas allowed cartographers to create more accurate maps.

Question 4

The Columbian Exchange

Answer 4

The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.

Question 5

Viceroyalties

Answer 5

The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.

Question 6

Indigenous

Answer 6

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

Question 7

Dutch West/East India Company

Answer 7

Trade, exploration, and colonization; challenge Spain trade

Question 8

Marco Polo

Answer 8

an Italian merchant, explorer and writer from the Republic of Venice who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295

Question 9

Bartholomew Diaz

Answer 9

a Portuguese mariner and explorer. In 1488, he became the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa and to demonstrate that the most effective southward route for ships lays in the open ocean, well to the west of the African coast.

Question 10

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 10

a Portuguese explorer. He is best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the East Indies across the Pacific Ocean to open a maritime trade route

Question 11

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 11

an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term “America” is derived. Between 1497 and 1504, Vespucci participated in at least two voyages of the Age of Discovery, first on behalf of Spain and then for Portugal.

Question 12

Hernán Cortés

Answer 12

a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.

Question 13

Michel de Montaigne

Answer 13

one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance. He is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography with intellectual insight