C. 23 wor-def (Nat)

Question 1

Victor Emmanuel II

Answer 1

king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and became a central figure of the movement for Italian unification.

Question 2

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour

Answer 2

forged the Kingdom of Italy, designed the constitutional structure of the unitary state and served as its first prime minister was the second son of an aristocratic Piedmontese family

Question 3

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer 3

an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy.

Question 4

Zollverein

Answer 4

German customs union established in 1834 under Prussian leadership. It created a free-trade area throughout much of Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification.

Question 5

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 5

one of the most significant political figures of modern Germany. This stature derives from his contribution to the creation and shaping of the modern German state as Prussian minister president and imperial chancellor from 1862 to 1890.

Question 6

Austro-Prussian War

Answer 6

The peace treaty gave Prussia total dominance over the other German states, and within just a few years Germany was unified as one country, under Emperor Wilhelm I.

Question 7

The Reichstag

Answer 7

the German parliament

Question 8

Kulturkampf

Answer 8

a fierce conflict that took place from 1872 to 1878 between the Catholic Church led by Pope Pius IX and the government of Prussia led by Otto von Bismarck. The main issues were clerical control of education and ecclesiastical appointments

Question 9

Crimean War

Answer 9

fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Sardinia-Piedmont

Question 10

Bloody Sunday

Answer 10

A massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905, triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy.

Question 11

Social Darwinism

Answer 11

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Question 12

Anti-Semitism

Answer 12

hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people