C. 15 wor-def (Ab)

Question 1

Sovereignty

Answer 1

supreme power or authority; the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

Question 2

Absolutism

Answer 2

a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers

Question 3

Constitutionalism

Answer 3

doctrine that a government’s authority is determined by a body of laws or constitution

Question 4

Mercantilism

Answer 4

based on the idea that a nation’s wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and reducing imports

Question 5

Protectorate

Answer 5

the relation of a strong state toward a weaker state or territory that it protects and partly controls. a state or territory so protected. the office or position, or the term of office, of a protector.

Question 6

Junkers

Answer 6

member of the landowning aristocracy of Prussia and eastern Germany,

Question 7

Louis XIV (Bourbon)

Answer 7

reign was important in French history not just because it lasted so long but because he was a strong-willed ruler who was determined to make his subjects obey him and to make his kingdom the predominant power in Europe.

Question 8

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Answer 8

Considered an accomplished manager, he was responsible for developing trade, industry and the merchant navy, modernizing Paris, and backing new advances in the sciences. Made Mercantilism

Question 9

James I (Stuart)

Answer 9

proclaimed himself King of Great Britain. So James’s reign produced the first Anglo-Scottish union (though this was not full political union) which helped to form the background to the formal union of 1707.

Question 10

William and Mary (Stuart)

Answer 10

Crowned jointly in 1689, Protestant monarchs that oversaw important moves towards parliamentary democracy. They also transformed Hampton Court and Kensington Palaces.

Question 11

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 11

an English philosopher, scientist, and historian best known for his political philosophy, especially as articulated in his masterpiece Leviathan (1651)

Question 12

Frederick William I (Hohenzollern)

Answer 12

second Prussian king, who transformed his country from a second-rate power into the efficient and prosperous state that his son and successor, Frederick II the Great, made a major military power

Question 13

Maria Theresa (Habsburg)

Answer 13

the most important ruler of the age of Enlightened Absolutism and one of the most famous Habsburgs. She took over the reins of government on the death of her father Charles VI and implemented numerous enduring reforms.

Question 14

Ivan IV (the terrible) (Rurik)

Answer 14

used terror to centralize the Russian state, and his disastrous involvement in the Livonian War nearly bankrupted his newly established empire. He also promoted the Orthodox Church and oriented Russian foreign policy toward Europe.

Question 15

Catherine the Great (Romanov)

Answer 15

established educational reform, championing the arts, and extending Russia’s borders in the largest territorial gain since Ivan the Terrible

Question 16

The Thirty Years’ War

Answer 16

One of the most significant issues that led to the War was the Protestant Reformation. That movement was both religiously divisive and politically destabilizing. It is difficult to separate religion and politics, for at the time they were intertwined.

Question 17

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 17

ended the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for modem international relations. The concepts of state sovereignty, mediation between nations, and diplomacy all find their origins in the text of this treaty written more than three hundred and fifty years ago.

Question 18

The Fronde

Answer 18

a series of civil wars in the Kingdom of France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635.

Question 19

War of Spanish Succession

Answer 19

The war was primarily a struggle to determine whether the vast possessions of the Spanish Empire should pass to the House of Bourbon or to the House of Habsburg, both of which had dynastic claims, or whether they should be partitioned to preserve the balance of power in Europe.

Question 20

The Glorious Revolution

Answer 20

permanently established Parliament as the ruling power of England—and, later, the United Kingdom—representing a shift from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. William and Mary take over England

Question 21

The English Civil War

Answer 21

disputes between Crown and Parliament about how England, Scotland and Ireland should be governed. But they also had religious and social dimensions as people sought answers in a time of turmoil. A war

Question 22

Great Northern War

Answer 22

a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe