C. 13 wor-def (Rel)

Question 1

anticlericalism

Answer 1

Opposition to the clergy.

Question 2

indulgence

Answer 2

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.

Question 3

Protestant

Answer 3

The name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.

Question 4

Spanish Armada

Answer 4

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.

Question 5

“The Institutes of the Christian Religion”

Answer 5

Calvin’s formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism.

Question 6

predestination

Answer 6

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.

Question 7

Holy Office

Answer 7

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.

Question 8

Jesuits

Answer 8

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith.

Question 9

Huguenots

Answer 9

French Calvinists.

Question 10

politiques

Answer 10

Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.

Question 11

Edict of Nantes

Answer 11

A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.

Question 12

Union of Utrecht

Answer 12

The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

Question 13

Protestant Reformation

Answer 13

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine

Question 14

Justification by Faith

Answer 14

Can achieve salvation by faith alone and reliance on god’s grace, not through good deeds

Question 15

95 Theses

Answer 15

a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther

Question 16

Annulment

Answer 16

a court ruling that a marriage was never valid

Question 17

Seminary

Answer 17

a college that trains students to be priests, rabbis, or ministers.

Question 18

Anabaptists

Answer 18

Baptized as an adult; double baptized

Question 19

Martin Luther

Answer 19

a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar. He was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism.

Question 20

John Calvin

Answer 20

a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation

Question 21

Charles V (Habsburg)

Answer 21

Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century.

Question 22

Henry VIII (Tudor)

Answer 22

King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage annulled.

Question 23

Elizabeth I (Tudor)

Answer 23

Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. The last monarch of the House of Tudor and is sometimes referred to as the “Virgin Queen”

Question 24

Diet of Worms

Answer 24

an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms. Martin Luther was summoned to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal bull of Pope Leo X

Question 25

Saint Bartholomew Day Massacre

Answer 25

a slaughter of the Protestants (Huguenots) by Catholics in Paris, France, beginning on 24 August 1572

Question 26

Council of Trent

Answer 26

held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent, now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.

Question 27

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 27

allowed the state princes (HRE) to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the religion of their domain and permitted the free emigration of residents who dissented.

Question 28

German Peasants War

Answer 28

a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It was Europe’s largest and most widespread popular uprising before the French Revolution of 1789