Buddhist Chinese-Primer chapters 5-8 Flashcards

Question

溫

Answer 1

chū out; to merge, go out; to leave

Answer 2

lěng cold; cool

Answer 3

gòng to supply

Answer 4

zǎoyù bath; to bathe

Answer 5

jiǎnzé to select

Answer 6

cǎi beautiful; colourful

Answer 7

nǚ woman, women

Answer 8

yú to entertain

Answer 9

lè happy, joyful; pleasure (we saw the same word above in the binome 伎樂where it meant “performers.” On its own, the word 樂can either be pronounced as here [lè, meaning happiness; or as yuè] meaning music. It is not uncommon for one character to have different readings for distinct meanings. We will see some more examples below in Lesson 9). The characters 娛樂should probably be read together as one word. The female radical (女) in the word 娛may carry a sexual connotation here).

Answer 10

féng to meet

Answer 11

mò silence, quiet

Answer 12

rán (suffix forming stative verb, describing a continuing action or state)

Answer 13

zhì to govern

Answer 14

chéng city

Answer 15

jí to reach

Answer 16

chù place, location

Answer 17

yīnyuán lit. causes and conditions; story; here: “circumstances”

Answer 18

mínghào lit. name and “style name”; here: “name”

Answer 19

zhǒngzú class

Answer 20

xiàng characteristic, mark (this is why 相師 lit. “master of marks” means fortune teller).

Answer 21

zǐ son; child

Answer 22

yǔ to speak (yù); words, language, speech

Answer 23

fàn Brahma (incidentally, this is one of the few Chinese characters that was invented in the translation process)

Answer 24

tiān deity, (Skt. transl.) deva; heaven

Answer 25

zhī to know, to recognize

Answer 26

Pípóshī (Skt. transcrip.) Vipaśyin (a Buddha of the Past)

Answer 27

qīngjìng clear and pure

Answer 28

yù desire; desirous

Answer 29

xiǎng to think; thoughts

Answer 30

wéi (we have already seen 為as meaning “to be” – here it marks the verb as passive)

Answer 31

yín lasciviousness; lust

Answer 32

shāorán to burn (note that we previously encountered 然as an adverbial modifier. Here is means “to burn,” sometimes written as 燃)

Answer 33

nǎi to the extent that; thus; so

Answer 34

duōshǎo lit. “many and few”; amount

Answer 35

yòu further, moreover

Answer 36

bǐ that (pronoun)

Answer 37

xìngzì surname and cognomen

Answer 38

ài love, affection; craving (here equivalent to tṛṣṇā)

Answer 39

mìe extinguish (we have seen this word in the compound 消滅. The meaning is identical).

Answer 40

qǔ grasping, taking (Skt. trans. upādāna)

Answer 41

Ānhé lit. Peaceful Harmony. Here, a personal name, Pali Khema, (Skt. trans. Kṣema [for the king]), Pali Khemavatī, Skt. trans. Kṣemavatī [for the city]

Answer 42

suí to follow; according to

Answer 43

yōu worry, grief

Answer 44

bēi sadness, sorrow

Answer 45

kǔ’nǎo suffering, affliction

Answer 46

liǎng the pair; both

Answer 47

xiāng mutually (we saw this word earlier pronounced xiàng and meaning “mark” or “characteristic”)

Answer 48

wū to stain, to sully

Answer 49

hérú what, why, how

Answer 50

wèn to ask, to inquire

Answer 51

yuē to say

Answer 52

fú (an introductory particle announcing a topic)

Answer 53

zhě (here, a particle marking off a topic. 者 is most commonly used as a nominalizer; it makes a verb or verb phrase, or adjective a noun or noun phrase—the person or thing who carries out the verb or possesses the quality of the adjective. More specifically, in this book we will see three main functions of 者, all of which can be grouped under the heading of nominalizing: (1) agent, "doer", -er, also corresponding to suffixes like -ant (attendant, servant). (2) nominalisation of the action itself, without reference to the agent, e.g. 出家者 read to mean "going forth", "renunciation". (3) topicalisation, i.e. marking material as a topic for subsequent comment in a predicate.13

Answer 54

shēng life (we have seen this word earlier meaning to give birth and to arise)

Answer 55

xiàng (preposition) towards; xiàng (verb) to approach, to near

Answer 56

jìn termination, ending

Answer 57

mìng destiny, life

Answer 58

jǐ several, few

Answer 59

wèi to say to, to address; to call, to label

Answer 60

gù intentionally (we have seen 故earlier in another meaning, as “cause”)

Answer 61

bǐ that, those

Answer 62

shì to attend

Answer 63

zhě (particle that nominalizes the preceding verb, in this case, together with 侍, meaning “he who attends,” “attendant.” We will cover this important word in more detail in the next lesson.)

Answer 64

yé (particle indicating a question. This is the first of a number of sentence-final particles we will see.)

Answer 65

bìng sick

Answer 66

tòng pain

Answer 67

pòqiè to press upon

Answer 68

cúnwáng to live and to die, survival

Answer 69

qī date, appointment; to predict, to know in advance

Answer 70

yě (final particle serving function of the verb “to be”)

Answer 71

cíbēi compassion

Answer 72

wèi for the sake of, in order to (we have previously seen 為in the second tone meaning “to be” and elsewhere indicating the passive, “by”).12 12 In this usage, it often corresponds to Skt/Indic dative (MR).

Answer 73

zhēndì noble truth

Answer 74

is an example of remote items working together (here, “because… therefore” or just “for the sake of, out of”). We saw another example of remote items working together above with 與… … 俱 (i.e. “with… together” or just “together with…”).

Answer 75

chūyóu to go on an excursion (usually for pleasure by a person of high status)

Answer 76

huān joyous, blissful

Answer 77

hé what; why; how

Answer 78

zhì wisdom, intelligence

Answer 79

huānxǐ happy, delighted

Answer 80

gùwèn to inquire (specifically a person of higher rank asking information of someone of lower rank)

Answer 81

jiā family, home, household

Answer 82

tiáofú to tame

Answer 83

xīnyì intention

Answer 84

yù to drive

Answer 85

shāmén (Skt. transcrip.) śramaṇa

Answer 86

dāng will; should

Answer 87

qū to go to a destination

Answer 88

bì necessary

Answer 89

yí doubt, suspicion

Answer 90

zhuǎn to turn

Answer 91

lún wheel

Answer 92

zhuǎnlún wáng Wheel-turning King, (Skt. transl.) Cakravartin

Answer 93

ān peace; stable, steady

Answer 94

píng level

Answer 95

shēngshòu lifespan

Answer 96

gěi to supply (for Classical Chinese, purists read it as jǐ)

Answer 97

bǔ to suckle

Answer 98

zǎoyù to bathe

Answer 99

tú to smear, to coat

Answer 100

xiāng incense

Answer 101

yúlè entertainment; to entertain