Chinese6 Flashcards
完
(wán) = finished
他看完這本小說 (tā kàn wán zhè běn xiǎo shuō) = he finished reading this novel
Breakdown:
他 (tā) = he
看 (kàn) = read/look
完 (wán) = finish
這 (zhè) = this
本 (běn) = measure word for books
小說 (xiǎo shuō) = novel
了
(le):
- Shows completion of an action or change of state
- Can indicate that something has happened or is about to happen
- Example: 吃了 (chī le) = “have eaten/ate”
The 了 (le) at the end indicates that the action is completed.
- V + 過 + 了
他看過了這部電影 (tā kàn guò le zhè bù diàn yǐng) = He has seen this movie before
我吃過了早飯 (wǒ chī guò le zǎo fàn) = I have already eaten breakfast - V + 到 + 了
我找到了我的鑰匙 (wǒ zhǎo dào le wǒ de yào shi) = I have found my keys
他聽到了這個消息 (tā tīng dào le zhè ge xiāo xi) = He has heard this news
他寫好作業
(tā xiě hǎo zuò yè) = he finished well writing the homework
Breakdown:
他 (tā) = he
寫 (xiě) = write
好 (hǎo) = good/well/finished
作業 (zuò yè) = homework
著
(zhe):
- Indicates an ongoing state or continuous action
- Example: 坐著 (zuò zhe) = “sitting/being seated”
- Shows that an action is continuing or a state is being maintained
V + 著 (cannot combine with 了 since 著 is ongoing)
他站著看書 = He is reading while standing (continuous state)
站著 (zhàn zhe) = standing
孩子睡著了 = The child fell asleep (着 here becomes a resultative complement)
睡著 (shuì zhe) = sleeping
他笑著說話 (tā xiào zhe shuō huà) = He speaks while smiling
過
(guo):
- Shows past experience or completion of an action at some point
- Indicates “have done something before”
- Example: 去過北京 (qù guo Běijīng) = “have been to Beijing”
- V + 過 + 了
他看過了這部電影 (tā kàn guò le zhè bù diàn yǐng) = He has seen this movie before
我吃過了早飯 (wǒ chī guò le zǎo fàn) = I have already eaten breakfast
到
(dao):
- Indicates achievement of a goal or reaching a destination
- Often used with verbs to show successful completion
- Example: 找到 (zhǎo dao) = “found” (successfully completed the action of searching)
- V + 到 + 了
我找到了我的鑰匙 (wǒ zhǎo dào le wǒ de yào shi) = I have found my keys
他聽到了這個消息 (tā tīng dào le zhè ge xiāo xi) = He has heard this news
寫
(xiě) = write
跳舞
(tiào wǔ) = dance
跳著舞 (tiào zhe wǔ) = dancing/is dancing
- 她跳著舞唱歌 (tā tiào zhe wǔ chàng gē) = She sings while dancing
跳過舞 (tiào guò wǔ) = has danced before
- 我跳過這種舞 (wǒ tiào guò zhè zhǒng wǔ) = I have danced this type of dance before
跳到舞 (tiào dào wǔ) = succeeded in dancing
- 他跳到舞了 (tā tiào dào wǔ le) = He managed to dance
跳舞了 (tiào wǔ le) = danced/has danced
- 我們跳舞了三個小時 (wǒ men tiào wǔ le sān ge xiǎo shí) = We danced for three hours
穿
(chuān) = to wear/to put on
爆米花
(bào mǐ huā) = popcorn
戴
(dài) = to wear (for accessories)
Examples:
- 戴眼鏡 (dài yǎn jìng) = wear glasses
- 戴帽子 (dài mào zi) = wear a hat
- 戴手錶 (dài shǒu biǎo) = wear a watch
- 戴口罩 (dài kǒu zhào) = wear a face mask
- 戴戒指 (dài jiè zhi) = wear a ring
Note: 戴 is used for accessories that you “put on” while 穿 (chuān) is used for clothes that you “wear”
眼鏡
(yǎn jìng) = glasses
繼續
(jì xù) = continue
Examples:
- 請繼續說 (qǐng jì xù shuō) = please continue speaking
- 我們繼續走 (wǒ men jì xù zǒu) = let’s continue walking
- 他繼續工作 (tā jì xù gōng zuò) = he continues working
- 電影繼續播放 (diàn yǐng jì xù bō fàng) = the movie continues playing
- 讓我們繼續吧 (ràng wǒ men jì xù ba) = let’s continue
走
(zǒu) = to walk/to go/to leave
Examples:
- 我們走吧 (wǒ men zǒu ba) = let’s go
- 他走了 (tā zǒu le) = he left
- 走路 (zǒu lù) = to walk
- 走到學校 (zǒu dào xué xiào) = walk to school
- 走著走著 (zǒu zhe zǒu zhe) = walking and walking
數學問題
(shù xué wèn tí) = math problem/mathematical problem
Breakdown:
數學 (shù xué) = mathematics/math
問題 (wèn tí) = problem/question
答案
(dá àn) = answer/solution
然後
(rán hòu) = then/after that
Examples:
- 我先吃飯然後看書 (wǒ xiān chī fàn rán hòu kàn shū) = I’ll eat first then read
- 他洗澡然後睡覺 (tā xǐ zǎo rán hòu shuì jiào) = he showers then sleeps
- 我們去公園然後回家 (wǒ men qù gōng yuán rán hòu huí jiā) = we go to the park then go home
- 你說然後呢？(nǐ shuō rán hòu ne) = you said and then what?
- 然後我們去看電影 (rán hòu wǒ men qù kàn diàn yǐng) = then we go watch a movie
接著
(jiē zhe) = then/next/continue/following (short time)
Examples:
- 接著說 (jiē zhe shuō) = continue speaking
- 接著做 (jiē zhe zuò) = continue doing
- 接著去商店 (jiē zhe qù shāng diàn) = then go to the store
- 他接著解釋 (tā jiē zhe jiě shì) = he then explained
- 接著發生什麼事？ (jiē zhe fā shēng shén me shì) = what happened next?
就
(jiù) = then/just/precisely/at once
Examples:
- 我就來 (wǒ jiù lái) = I’m coming right away
- 就這樣 (jiù zhè yàng) = just like this
- 這就是 (zhè jiù shì) = this is exactly
- 我就知道 (wǒ jiù zhī dào) = I knew it
- 就在這裡 (jiù zài zhè lǐ) = right here
才
(cái) = just/only/not until
Examples:
- 我才知道 (wǒ cái zhī dào) = I just found out
- 他才十歲 (tā cái shí suì) = he’s only ten years old
- 現在才來 (xiàn zài cái lái) = only coming now
- 我才不要 (wǒ cái bú yào) = I don’t want to (emphatic refusal)
- 才剛到家 (cái gāng dào jiā) = just got home
先
(xiān) = first/before/ahead
Examples:
- 你先走 (nǐ xiān zǒu) = you go first
- 先吃飯 (xiān chī fàn) = eat first
- 我先睡了 (wǒ xiān shuì le) = I’ll go to sleep first
- 先生 (xiān shēng) = Mr./Sir (literally “born before”)
- 先等一下 (xiān děng yī xià) = wait a moment first
前
(qián) = before/front/ago/former
Examples:
- 前面 (qián miàn) = front/in front
- 以前 (yǐ qián) = before/previously
- 三天前 (sān tiān qián) = three days ago
- 前門 (qián mén) = front door
- 前年 (qián nián) = the year before last
後
(hòu) = after/behind/later/back
Examples:
- 後面 (hòu miàn) = behind/at the back
- 以後 (yǐ hòu) = after/afterwards/later
- 三天後 (sān tiān hòu) = three days later
- 後門 (hòu mén) = back door
- 後年 (hòu nián) = the year after next
開始
(kāi shǐ) = start/begin
Examples:
- 開始上課 (kāi shǐ shàng kè) = class begins
- 電影開始了 (diàn yǐng kāi shǐ le) = the movie has started
- 我們開始吧 (wǒ men kāi shǐ ba) = let’s begin
- 從現在開始 (cóng xiàn zài kāi shǐ) = start from now
- 比賽開始 (bǐ sài kāi shǐ) = the competition begins
