Chinese 15 Flashcards
病假
(bìng jià) - sick leave
Breaking it down:
- 病 (bìng) = sick, illness, disease
- 假 (jià) = leave, vacation, time off
This term refers to time off work or school due to illness or medical reasons.
Examples:
1. 我今天要请病假。(Wǒ jīntiān yào qǐng bìng jià.) - I need to take sick leave today.
2. 他因为感冒请了三天病假。(Tā yīnwèi gǎnmào qǐng le sān tiān bìng jià.) - He took three days of sick leave because of a cold.
3. 请问怎么申请病假？(Qǐngwèn zěnme shēnqǐng bìng jià?) - May I ask how to apply for sick leave?
4. 你需要医生证明才能请长期病假。(Nǐ xūyào yīshēng zhèngmíng cáinéng qǐng chángqí bìng jià.) - You need a doctor’s note to take extended sick leave.
婚假
(hūn jià) - marriage leave
Breaking it down:
- 婚 (hūn) = marriage, wedding
- 假 (jià) = leave, time off, vacation
This term refers to paid time off work that employees can take when they get married.
Examples:
1. 我下个月结婚，需要请婚假。(Wǒ xià gè yuè jiéhūn, xūyào qǐng hūn jià.) - I’m getting married next month and need to take marriage leave.
2. 在中国，法定婚假是几天？(Zài Zhōngguó, fǎdìng hūn jià shì jǐ tiān?) - How many days of statutory marriage leave are there in China?
3. 他们刚请完婚假回来上班。(Tāmen gāng qǐng wán hūn jià huí lái shàng bān.) - They just returned to work after taking their marriage leave.
4. 请问需要什么证明才能申请婚假？(Qǐngwèn xūyào shénme zhèngmíng cáinéng shēnqǐng hūn jià?) - May I ask what documentation is needed to apply for marriage leave?
真的假的/真的嗎
(zhēn de jiǎ de) - Really? Is that true?
Breaking it down:
- 真的 (zhēn de) = real, true, genuine
- 假的 (jiǎ de) = fake, false, untrue
This expression is used to express surprise, disbelief, or to question if something is true. It’s similar to saying “Really?” or “Are you serious?” in English.
Examples:
1. 他说他赢了彩票。真的假的？(Tā shuō tā yíng le cǎipiào. Zhēn de jiǎ de?) - He said he won the lottery. Really? Is that true?
2. 真的假的？他们真的要结婚了？(Zhēn de jiǎ de? Tāmen zhēn de yào jiéhūn le?) - Really? They’re actually getting married?
3. 这家餐厅要关门了？真的假的？(Zhè jiā cāntīng yào guānmén le? Zhēn de jiǎ de?) - This restaurant is closing? Is that true?
真的吗 (zhēn de ma) - Really? Is it true?
Breaking it down:
- 真的 (zhēn de) = real, true, genuine
- 吗 (ma) = question particle
This is a more straightforward way to ask if something is true, with a similar meaning to “真的假的” but slightly less colloquial.
Examples:
1. 你要去美国留学，真的吗？(Nǐ yào qù Měiguó liúxué, zhēn de ma?) - You’re going to study in America, really?
2. 他们说明天不用上班，真的吗？(Tāmen shuō míngtiān bú yòng shàng bān, zhēn de ma?) - They said we don’t need to work tomorrow, is that true?
3. 这个手机只要一千块，真的吗？(Zhège shǒujī zhǐyào yī qiān kuài, zhēn de ma?) - This phone costs only 1,000 yuan, really?
研究
研究 (yán jiū) - to research, to study, to investigate
Breaking it down:
- 研 (yán) = to grind, to study, to research
- 究 (jiū) = to investigate, to study thoroughly
This term refers to conducting systematic investigation or study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Examples:
1. 他正在研究中國歷史。(Tā zhèngzài yán jiū Zhōngguó lìshǐ.) - He is researching Chinese history.
2. 這個研究小組專門研究氣候變化。(Zhège yán jiū xiǎozǔ zhuānmén yán jiū qìhòu biànhuà.) - This research team specializes in studying climate change.
3. 她花了五年時間研究這個問題。(Tā huā le wǔ nián shíjiān yán jiū zhège wèntí.) - She spent five years researching this issue.
4. 科學家們正在研究新的疫苗。(Kēxuéjiā men zhèngzài yán jiū xīn de yìmiáo.) - Scientists are researching new vaccines.
5. 我們需要進一步研究這個現象。(Wǒmen xūyào jìn yībù yán jiū zhège xiànxiàng.) - We need to further investigate this phenomenon.
搬
(bān) - to move, to carry, to relocate
Breaking it down:
- 搬 (bān) = to move (objects or oneself from one place to another), to carry, to transport, to relocate
This character refers to the action of moving things or relocating oneself from one place to another.
Examples:
1. 搬家 (bān jiā) - to move house/relocate
2. 搬運 (bān yùn) - to transport/carry
3. 我們下個月要搬到新公寓。(Wǒmen xià gè yuè yào bān dào xīn gōngyù.) - We’re moving to a new apartment next month.
4. 這個箱子太重了，請幫我搬一下。(Zhège xiāngzi tài zhòng le, qǐng bāng wǒ bān yíxià.) - This box is too heavy, please help me carry it.
5. 搬出去 (bān chū qù) - to move out
6. 他們正在搬家具進新房子。(Tāmen zhèngzài bān jiājù jìn xīn fángzi.) - They are moving furniture into the new house.
休假
(xiū jià) - to take leave, to go on vacation
Breaking it down:
- 休 (xiū) = to rest, to take a break
- 假 (jià) = leave, time off, vacation
This term refers to taking time off from work or duty for rest, recreation, or personal reasons.
Examples:
1. 我打算下個月休假去旅行。(Wǒ dǎsuàn xià gè yuè xiū jià qù lǚxíng.) - I plan to take leave next month to travel.
2. 他已經三年沒有休假了。(Tā yǐjīng sān nián méiyǒu xiū jià le.) - He hasn’t taken any vacation for three years.
3. 員工每年有十五天的帶薪休假。(Yuángōng měi nián yǒu shíwǔ tiān de dài xīn xiū jià.) - Employees have fifteen days of paid leave each year.
4. 你什麼時候休假？(Nǐ shénme shíhòu xiū jià?) - When are you taking your vacation?
5. 很多人喜歡在夏天休假。(Hěn duō rén xǐhuān zài xiàtiān xiū jià.) - Many people like to take vacations in summer.
結束
(jié shù) - to end, to finish, to conclude
Breaking it down:
- 結 (jié) = to tie, to bind, to form
- 束 (shù) = bundle, to control, to restrict
This term refers to bringing something to an end, finishing, or concluding an activity, event, or process.
Examples:
1. 會議已經結束了。(Huìyì yǐjīng jié shù le.) - The meeting has ended.
2. 工作結束後，我們去吃飯吧。(Gōngzuò jié shù hòu, wǒmen qù chī fàn ba.) - After work ends, let’s go eat.
3. 這個項目計劃下週結束。(Zhège xiàngmù jìhuà xià zhōu jié shù.) - This project is scheduled to end next week.
4. 電影什麼時候結束？(Diànyǐng shénme shíhòu jié shù?) - When does the movie end?
5. 他們決定結束這段關係。(Tāmen juédìng jié shù zhè duàn guānxì.) - They decided to end this relationship.
護照
(hù zhào) - passport
Breaking it down:
- 護 (hù) = to protect, to guard, to shield
- 照 (zhào) = document, permit, photo, to shine
This term refers to an official government document that certifies the identity and nationality of a person for international travel.
Examples:
1. 你的護照有效期是多久？(Nǐ de hù zhào yǒuxiàoqī shì duōjiǔ?) - How long is your passport valid for?
2. 我需要更新我的護照。(Wǒ xūyào gēngxīn wǒ de hù zhào.) - I need to renew my passport.
3. 出國旅行一定要帶護照。(Chū guó lǚxíng yīdìng yào dài hù zhào.) - You must bring your passport when traveling abroad.
4. 他的護照丟了，所以不能登機。(Tā de hù zhào diū le, suǒyǐ bù néng dēng jī.) - He lost his passport, so he couldn’t board the plane.
5. 申請護照需要提供身份證明。(Shēnqǐng hù zhào xūyào tígōng shēnfèn zhèngmíng.) - Applying for a passport requires providing identification.
超級
(chāo jí) -super, extremely, ultra
Breaking it down:
- 超 (chāo) = to exceed, to surpass, to go beyond
- 級 (jí) = level, grade, rank
This term is a prefix that emphasizes the high degree or extreme quality of something, similar to “super,” “ultra,” or “extremely” in English.
Examples:
1. 超級市場 (chāo jí shì chǎng) - supermarket
2. 超級英雄 (chāo jí yīng xióng) - superhero
3. 超級電腦 (chāo jí diàn nǎo) - supercomputer
4. 超級明星 (chāo jí míng xīng) - superstar
5. 超級強大 (chāo jí qiáng dà) - super strong, extremely powerful
6. 超級便宜 (chāo jí pián yí) - super cheap, extremely inexpensive
The prefix 超級 is commonly used in everyday Chinese to emphasize that something is exceptional, extraordinary, or at the highest level.
請假
(qǐng jià) - to ask for leave, to request time off
Breaking it down:
- 請 (qǐng) = to ask, to request, to invite
- 假 (jià) = leave, vacation, time off
This term refers to the act of formally requesting permission to take time off from work or school.
Examples:
1. 我今天生病了，需要請假。(Wǒ jīntiān shēngbìng le, xūyào qǐng jià.) - I’m sick today and need to ask for leave.
2. 她請了三天假去參加婚禮。(Tā qǐng le sān tiān jià qù cānjiā hūnlǐ.) - She asked for three days off to attend a wedding.
3. 如何請假？(Rúhé qǐng jià?) - How do I apply for leave?
4. 學生生病時必須請假。(Xuésheng shēngbìng shí bìxū qǐng jià.) - Students must ask for leave when they are sick.
放假
(fàng jià) - to have a holiday, to be on vacation
Breaking it down:
- 放 (fàng) = to release, to let go, to set free
- 假 (jià) = leave, vacation, time off
This term refers to when people are released from work or school to have a holiday or vacation.
Examples:
1. 學校明天放假。(Xuéxiào míngtiān fàng jià.) - School is closed tomorrow.
2. 春節放假七天。(Chūnjié fàng jià qī tiān.) - There’s a seven-day holiday for Spring Festival.
3. 我們週末放假。(Wǒmen zhōumò fàng jià.) - We have days off on weekends.
4. 工廠暑假不放假。(Gōngchǎng shǔjià bù fàng jià.) - The factory doesn’t close for summer vacation.
假日
(jià rì) - holiday, day off
Breaking it down:
- 假 (jià) = leave, vacation, time off
- 日 (rì) = day, sun
This term refers to a day when people don’t have to work or go to school, including weekends, public holidays, and other non-working days.
Examples:
1. 這個假日你有什麼計劃？(Zhège jià rì nǐ yǒu shénme jìhuà?) - What are your plans for this holiday?
2. 假日我喜歡在家休息。(Jià rì wǒ xǐhuān zài jiā xiūxí.) - I like to rest at home on holidays.
3. 商店在假日很擁擠。(Shāngdiàn zài jià rì hěn yōngjǐ.) - Stores are crowded on holidays.
4. 國定假日銀行都不營業。(Guódìng jià rì yínháng dōu bù yíngyè.) - Banks are closed on national holidays.
5. 週末是每週的假日。(Zhōumò shì měi zhōu de jià rì.) - Weekends are weekly holidays.
In mainland China, “假日” often refers specifically to public or national holidays, while in Taiwan it can also include regular weekends.
假期
(jià qī) - holiday, vacation, break period
Breaking it down:
- 假 (jià) = leave, vacation, time off
- 期 (qī) = period, term, phase
This term refers to a period of time when people don’t have to work or attend school, such as school breaks, public holidays, or vacation periods.
Examples:
1. 暑假期間我打算去旅行。(Shǔjià qījiān wǒ dǎsuàn qù lǚxíng.) - I plan to travel during the summer vacation.
2. 你有什麼假期計劃？(Nǐ yǒu shénme jià qī jìhuà?) - What are your holiday plans?
3. 冬假期是一年中最冷的假期。(Dōngjià qī shì yī nián zhōng zuì lěng de jià qī.) - Winter break is the coldest holiday of the year.
4. 學生們盼望著假期的到來。(Xuéshēng men pànwàng zhe jià qī de dàolái.) - Students look forward to the arrival of vacation.
5. 假期結束後，大家都回到工作崗位。(Jià qī jiéshù hòu, dàjiā dōu huí dào gōngzuò gǎngwèi.) - After the holiday ends, everyone returns to their work posts.
While 假日 (jià rì) typically refers to a single day off, 假期 (jià qī) usually indicates a longer period of vacation or holiday time.
休假
(xiū jià) - to take leave, to go on vacation
Breaking it down:
- 休 (xiū) = to rest, to take a break
- 假 (jià) = leave, vacation, time off
This term refers to taking time off from work or duty for rest, recreation, or personal reasons.
Examples:
1. 他打算下個月休假去歐洲。(Tā dǎsuàn xià gè yuè xiū jià qù ōuzhōu.) - He plans to take vacation next month to go to Europe.
2. 我已經兩年沒有休假了。(Wǒ yǐjīng liǎng nián méiyǒu xiū jià le.) - I haven’t taken any vacation for two years.
3. 軍人每年有多少天可以休假？(Jūnrén měi nián yǒu duōshǎo tiān kěyǐ xiū jià?) - How many days of leave do military personnel get each year?
4. 生病的時候應該休假在家休息。(Shēngbìng de shíhòu yīnggāi xiū jià zài jiā xiūxí.) - When you’re sick, you should take leave and rest at home.
5. 她休假期間，由助理代理她的工作。(Tā xiū jià qījiān, yóu zhùlǐ dàilǐ tā de gōngzuò.) - While she’s on leave, her assistant is covering her work.
The term 休假 emphasizes the act of taking a break from regular duties, and can be used for various types of leave including vacation, sick leave, or personal time off.
他是一個很假的人
(tā shì yī gè hěn jiǎ de rén) - He is a very fake/insincere person
Breaking it down:
- 他 (tā) = he
- 是 (shì) = is
- 一個 (yī gè) = a, one (with measure word)
- 很 (hěn) = very
- 假 (jiǎ) = fake, false, artificial, insincere
- 的 (de) = possessive/descriptive particle
- 人 (rén) = person
In this sentence, 假 (jiǎ) has a different meaning than in the previous examples we discussed. Here, it refers to someone being fake, phony, or insincere in their behavior or personality, rather than relating to time off or holidays.
Examples of similar usage:
1. 她的笑容很假。(Tā de xiàoróng hěn jiǎ.) - Her smile is very fake/forced.
2. 不要做一個假心假意的朋友。(Bùyào zuò yī gè jiǎ xīn jiǎ yì de péngyǒu.) - Don’t be an insincere friend.
3. 這個人說話很假。(Zhège rén shuōhuà hěn jiǎ.) - This person speaks very insincerely.
This shows how the same character 假 can have different meanings depending on context.
