BUD501 MW1 Valid Cognition Ch 7-9

Question 1

Inferential Valid Cognition for Oneself

Answer 1

An awareness newly realizing that which is to be proven from a reason having the three modes.

Probandum = that which is to be proven, includes subject and predicate

Question 2

Subject Quality

Answer 2

A reason that valid cognition has determined to be present in all instances of the flawless subject in question in a corresponding formulation.

Question 3

Forward Inclusion

Answer 3

A reason that has been determined to be present only in the concordant class.

Question 4

Reverse Inclusion

Answer 4

A reason that has been determined not to be present in a single instance of the nonconcordant class.

Example: Sound is impermanent because it is produced. Example: finger snap.

Reverse Inclusion: Whatever is not impermanent (whatever is permanent); is not produced

Tibetan: yinpa (to be); yod pa (to exist); shes ‘dod (to be inquisitive, flawless subject in question)

Question 5

Referent Object

Answer 5

That which can be known by conceptually referring to it.

Question 6

Object of Engagement

Answer 6

That which is undeceiving when one engages it for the purpose of using it or rejecting it.

Question 7

Nonvalid Cognition

Answer 7

A deceiving consciousness.

Question 8

Wrong cognition

Answer 8

A mind that has engaged in its specific object in a wrong way.

Question 9

Doubt

Answer 9

A mind that is divided between two alternatives with respect to its specific object.